Biology, asked by vijayant8988, 1 year ago

The function of any 4 cell organelles all type briefly

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Answered by AbhayPatel1
1
Functions of Membrane-bound Organelles

1. Nucleus

"Control Center" of the cell. 
"Contains the cell's DNA (genetic information) in the form of genes.

Re. 
Nucleic Acids

*Sequestration and *replication of DNA.*Transcription and *modification of RNA.

Contains one or more nucleoli (plural, singular word = nucleolus) whose functions include:

Nucleoli

Biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and production (assembly) of ribosomes.

2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Consists of many interconnected membranous sacs called cisternae, onto whose external surface ribosomes are attached (distinguishing RER from SER on electron micrographs).

Ribosomes

Produce polypeptides that are then either ...inserted into the RER membrane, ormoved into the lumen (central region) of the cisternae, 
ormoved to the Golgi complex and probably onwards from there.

In lumen of cisternae

Produce proteins that are then either ...retained within vesicles,
orsecreted from the cell (via secretory vesicles - see below).

3. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Consists of many interconnected membranous sacs called cisternae (without ribosomes). 
Many enzymes are either attached to the surface of the SER or located within its cisternae. Chemical reactions within the SER vary with the type and location of cells. E.g.

helps with protein folding and transport of synthesized proteinsglycosylation - which involves the attachment of oligosaccharides.disulfide bond formation and rearrangement - to stabilize the tertiary and quaternary structure of many proteinsmodification of some drugs e.g. by the cytochrome P450 enzymes in liver cells.

4. Mitochondria

The main function of mitochondria in aerobic cells is the production of energy by synthesis of ATP. However, mitochondria also have many other functions, including e.g.:

Processing and storage of calcium ions (Ca2+).Apoptosis, i.e. the process of programmed cell deathRegulation of cellular metabolismSynthesis of certain steroids 

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