The hormone which promote the
absorption of Ca++ Mg++ and phosphate
from GIT into blood
a) P.T.H b) T.S.H
c) F.S.H d) Calcitonin
Answers
we review calcium and phosphate homeostasis ... GI tract to increase serum calcium and to a lesser extent calcitonin, ... 1 % in blood and body fluids Intracellular calcium.
Answer:
Endocrine Control of Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis
It would be very difficult to name a physiologic process that does not depend, in one way or another, on calcium. It is critical to maintain blood calcium concentrations within a tight normal range. Deviations above or below the normal range frequently lead to serious disease.
Hypocalcemia refers to low blood calcium concentration. Clinical signs of this disorder reflect increased neuromuscular excitability and include muscle spasms, tetany and cardiac dysfunction.
Hypercalcemia indicates a concentration of blood calcium higher than normal. The normal concentration of calcium and phosphate in blood and extracellular fluid is near the saturation point; elevations can lead to diffuse precipitation of calcium phosphate in tissues, leading to widespread organ dysfunction and damage.
Preventing hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia is largely the result of robust endocrine control systems.
Body Distribution of Calcium and Phosphate
There are three major pools of calcium in the body:
Intracellular calcium: A large majority of calcium within cells is sequestered in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Intracellular free calcium concentrations fluctuate greatly, from roughly 100 nM to greater than 1 uM, due to release from cellular stores or influx from extracellular fluid. These fluctuations are integral to calcium's role in intracellular signaling, enzyme activation and muscle contractions.
Calcium in blood and extracellular fluid: Roughly half of the calcium in blood is bound to proteins. The concentration of ionized calcium in this compartment is normally almost invariant at approximately 1 mM, or 10,000 times the basal concentration of free calcium within cells. Also, the concentration of phosphorus in blood is essentially identical to that of calcium.
Bone calcium: A vast majority of body calcium is in bone. Within bone, 99% of the calcium is tied up in the mineral phase, but the remaining 1% is in a pool that can rapidly exchange with extracellular calcium.
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