Question

The inter nuclear distance in C – Cl is 1.76Å if the atomic radius of carbon is 0.77Å. Then the atomic radius of Cl is

Answer 1

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Trends in sizes of atoms are the most important to understand, because other trends can often be

rationalized on that basis. The most commonly used measure of size of an atom is its bonding

atomic radius, also called the covalent radius.1

The bonding atomic radius of an element is taken

as one half the distance between the nuclei when two identical atoms are bonded together. For

example, the internuclear distance in Cl2

is 198 pm, so the atomic radius is taken to be 99 pm or

0.99 Å. When two different atoms are bonded together their sizes can be altered. Nonetheless,

the sum of their individual atomic radii is often used as a first approximation of the bond length

between two different atoms. Thus, the length of a C–Cl bond in CCl4

is estimated to be the sum

of the atomic radii of carbon (0.77 Å) and chlorine (0.99 Å), which is 1.76 Å. The experimentally

determined distance is 1.766 Å.