the island of hispaniola makes up trinidad and tabago
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The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (/ˈtrɪnɪdæd ... təˈbeɪɡoʊ/ (listen), /- toʊ-/) is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean.[14][15] Consisting of the main islands Trinidad and Tobago, and numerous much smaller islands, it is situated 130 kilometres (81 miles) south of Grenada and 11 kilometres (6.8 miles) off the coast of northeastern Venezuela.[16] It shares maritime boundaries with Barbados to the northeast, Grenada to the northwest, Guyana to the southeast, and Venezuela to the south and west.[17][18]
Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto: Together We Aspire, Together We Achieve
Anthem: "Forged from the Love of Liberty"
Capital
Port of Spain
10°40′0″N 61°30′27″W
Largest city
Chaguanas
10°31′7″N 61°24′37″W
Official languages
English[1]
Other languages
See Languages in Trinidad and Tobago[2]
Ethnic groups (2011)[3]
37.6% Indian
36.3% African
24.4% Mixed
• 7.66% Dougla
0.65% European
• 0.06% Portuguese
0.30% Chinese
0.11% Indigenous Amerindian
(incl. the Santa Rosa First Peoples Community)
0.08% Arab
0.17% Other
6.22% Undeclared
Religion (2011)[3][4]
49.6% Christian
18.2% Hindu
5.7% Spiritual Baptist
5.0% Muslim
1.2% Bahá'í
0.9% Orisha-Shango (Yoruba)
0.3% Rastafarian
5.8% Other
11.1% Not stated
2.2% None
Demonym(s)
Trinidadians and Tobagonians
Trini (colloquial)
Trinbagonian (colloquial)[5]
Membership
UN
CARICOM
WTO
CELAC
ACS
OAS
Commonwealth of Nations
AOSIS
ACP
G-24
G77
Government
Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic
• President
Paula-Mae Weekes (I)
• Prime Minister
Keith Rowley (PNM)
• Leader of the Opposition
Kamla Persad-Bissessar (UNC/PP)
• Speaker of the House of Representatives
Brigid Annisette-George (PNM)
• President of the Senate
Christine Kangaloo (PNM)
• Chief Justice
Ivor Archie
Legislature
Parliament
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
House of Representatives
Establishment
• Amerindian tribes settle in Trinidad and Tobago
c. 5000 B.C.
• Colonised by Spain
1530
• Spain cedes Trinidad to Great Britain as a result of the Invasion of Trinidad and is formalised at the Treaty of Amiens
1797 and 25 March 1802
• France cedes Tobago to the United Kingdom at the Treaty of Paris, which puts Tobago under British sovereignty for a third time
30 May 1814
• Unification of Trinidad and Tobago
1888
• Part of the West Indies Federation
3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962
• Independence from the United Kingdom
31 August 1962
• Joins CARICOM at the Treaty of Chaguaramas
1 August 1973
• Republic
1 August 1976
(celebrated 24 September)[6][7][8]
Area
• Total
5,131 km2 (1,981 sq mi) (165th)
• Water (%)
negligible
Population
• 2019 estimate
1,363,985[9] (151st)
• 2011 census
1,328,019[10]
• Density
264/km2 (683.8/sq mi) (54th)
GDP (PPP)
2019 estimate
• Total
$45.149 billion
• Per capita
$32,684[11]
GDP (nominal)
2019 estimate
• Total
$22.438 billion
• Per capita
$16,243[11]
Gini (2012)
39.0[12]
medium
HDI (2018)
0.799[13]
high · 63th
Currency
Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
Time zone
UTC-4 (AST)
Date format
dd/mm/yyyy
Driving side
left
Calling code
+1 (868)
ISO 3166 code
TT
Internet TLD
.tt
The island of Trinidad was inhabited for centuries by native Amerindian peoples before becoming a colony in the Spanish Empire, following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1498. Spanish governor Don José María Chacón surrendered the island to a British fleet under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby in 1797.[19] During the same period, the island of Tobago changed hands among Spanish, British, French, Dutch and Courlander colonisers more times than any other island in the Caribbean.[citation needed] Trinidad and Tobago were ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens as separate states and unified in 1889.[20] Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962, becoming a republic in 1976.[15][16]
Trinidad and Tobago has the third highest GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) in the Americas after the United States and Canada.[21] It is recognised by the World Bank as a