Question

the main reason the advanced sunrise and delayed sunset is the of light

Answer 1

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During sunrise, when the sun is just below the horizon, our atmosphere causes the light rays to bend and we see the sun early. Similarly, at sunset, the apparent position of the sun is visible to us and not the actual position due to the same bending of light rays effect.

 

To sum up, due to refraction we see the sun rise about two minutes before it’s actually there and during sunset we see it for around two minutes more, even though it has already moved from that position

Answer 2

a)advanced sunrise is because of continuous atmospheric refraction that happens because density of atmosphere is more near the earth surface. as the ray of light that enters atmosphere not close to land they are refracted and due to continuous refraction the sunlight reaches land even after 2 min of original sunset.
b)the same is the case of delayed sunset as advance sunrise.
c)stars appear to twinkle because of sudden change in atmospheric density near land that causes refraction of light of stars to sometime increase or some time decrease which causes the star light to some time shine or sometime appear to be dim. it is also the amount of light entering earth from stars is not continuous that is also the reasons for stars to twinkle.
hope it helps