The monsoon winds blowing over india has south west direction, hence it is called south west monsoon winds.
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Five special conditions
The Earth System Science Organisation (ESSO) and the India Meteorological Department (IMD) take into account five conditions while making forecasts about the monsoon in April every year.
These special conditions are as follows:
1) The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) gradient between the north Atlantic and the north Pacific (conditions during December of the previous year and January of present year)
2) SST of the equatorial south Indian Ocean (conditions during February and March of the present year)
3) Mean Sea Level pressure in east Asia (conditions during February and March of the present year)
4) The surface air temperature over northwest Europe (conditions during January of the present year)
5) The warm water volume of the equatorial Pacific Ocean (conditions during February and March of the present year)
Mascarene High: monsoon’s best buddy
The southwest monsoon derives its name from winds which blow from a south-westerly direction in the Indian subcontinent. We often read about “southwest winds” in various news reports or weather forecasts. But rarely do we think about the "source" of these winds. These come from a powerhouse located more than 4,000 kilometres from India. This powerhouse is known as the Mascarene High. This high-pressure region is located between 25°S-35°S and 40°E-90°E near the Mascarene Islands in the southern Indian Ocean.
Normally, this high-pressure region starts forming by mid-April and its strength is an important factor which determines the intensity of monsoon in India.
A stronger high pressure will produce stronger winds or monsoon current. If there is a delay in the formation of Mascarene High, there is also the possibility of a delay in the onset of monsoon in India. Mascarene High has been a subject of research for many years. Most research says that its strength is determined by the happenings in the Antarctic region.
But overall, this factor is not often held responsible for delays and poor performance of the monsoon in India. As a result of its punctuality, Mascarene High is considered its best buddy.
Coriolis Force: monsoon’s trusted lieutenant
Winds from Mascarene High head in a north-westerly direction towards the east coast of Africa (Somalia). (See image 1)
Here, the topography of Somalia deflects the winds towards the east. Also, after crossing the equator, these winds experience the Coriolis Effect.
Coriolis Force is a pseudo force which exists only because of the Earth’s rotational effect. Rotational motion observed in a tropical cyclone is also due to this force. Hence, these monsoon winds get deflected eastwards and now they blow from south-west to the north-east direction. They split into two branches—the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.
See the motion of these monsoon winds on June 21, 2014, here.
In this graphic, the green-coloured moving star trail-like features are the winds at the surface level. Notice how they come from the southern hemisphere and then get deflected eastwards in the northern hemisphere. As the Earth’s rotational velocity is constant, the Coriolis Force experienced at a given latitude by a given parcel of air having a definite velocity is also constant.
That is why the Coriolis Force is monsoon’s trusted friend.
Answer:
Five special conditions
The Earth System Science Organisation (ESSO) and the India Meteorological Department (IMD) take into account five conditions while making forecasts about the monsoon in April every year.
These special conditions are as follows:
1) The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) gradient between the north Atlantic and the north Pacific (conditions during December of the previous year and January of present year)
2) SST of the equatorial south Indian Ocean (conditions during February and March of the present year)
3) Mean Sea Level pressure in east Asia (conditions during February and March of the present year)
4) The surface air temperature over northwest Europe (conditions during January of the present year)
5) The warm water volume of the equatorial Pacific Ocean (conditions during February and March of the present year)
Mascarene High: monsoon’s best buddy
The southwest monsoon derives its name from winds which blow from a south-westerly direction in the Indian subcontinent. We often read about “southwest winds” in various news reports or weather forecasts. But rarely do we think about the "source" of these winds. These come from a powerhouse located more than 4,000 kilometres from India. This powerhouse is known as the Mascarene High. This high-pressure region is located between 25°S-35°S and 40°E-90°E near the Mascarene Islands in the southern Indian Ocean.
Normally, this high-pressure region starts forming by mid-April and its strength is an important factor which determines the intensity of monsoon in India.
A stronger high pressure will produce stronger winds or monsoon current. If there is a delay in the formation of Mascarene High, there is also the possibility of a delay in the onset of monsoon in India. Mascarene High has been a subject of research for many years. Most research says that its strength is determined by the happenings in the Antarctic region.
But overall, this factor is not often held responsible for delays and poor performance of the monsoon in India. As a result of its punctuality, Mascarene High is considered its best buddy.
Coriolis Force: monsoon’s trusted lieutenant
Winds from Mascarene High head in a north-westerly direction towards the east coast of Africa (Somalia). (See image 1)
Here, the topography of Somalia deflects the winds towards the east. Also, after crossing the equator, these winds experience the Coriolis Effect.
Coriolis Force is a pseudo force which exists only because of the Earth’s rotational effect. Rotational motion observed in a tropical cyclone is also due to this force. Hence, these monsoon winds get deflected eastwards and now they blow from south-west to the north-east direction. They split into two branches—the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.
See the motion of these monsoon winds on June 21, 2014, here.
In this graphic, the green-coloured moving star trail-like features are the winds at the surface level. Notice how they come from the southern hemisphere and then get deflected eastwards in the northern hemisphere. As the Earth’s rotational velocity is constant, the Coriolis Force experienced at a given latitude by a given parcel of air having a definite velocity is also constant.
That is why the Coriolis Force is monsoon’s trusted friend.
Explanation: