Question

The movement born for the improvement of the Jews; the Jewish Enlightenment

Answer 1

A result of the economic, social, and cultural change in the 18th century, the Haskalah emerged as the movement that brought the European Enlightenment to the Jewish world. Its supporters, the so-called Maskilim, were active in various fields: in philosophy, education, culture, economics, politics and, last but not least, religion. Transformation reached the individual European Jewish communities at various times and in various ways. The movement began in Western Europe, pioneered by the Berlin philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. It spread eastwards to Galicia and was developed further in Russia. Supported by a few Christian thinkers, and encouraged by "Enlightened despots" who wanted to assimilate their minority populations, the Maskilim tried, until the late 19th century, to harmonize the adherence to the Jewish religion and tradition with integration into the European societies.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Enlightenment Jewish Style

The Haskalah in Berlin

The Programme of the Mendelssohn Circle

The Generation(s) Following Mendelssohn

The Second Haskalah: "Light against Shadow" in Eastern Europe

The Situation in Galicia

The Situation in Russia

Appendix

Sources

Bibliography

Notes

Indices
Citation


I THINK IT WILL HELP YOU