The neutron_proton ratio in an isotope can be increased by the emission of
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If the N/Z ratio is greater than 1, alpha decay increases the N/Z ratio, and hence provides a common pathway towards stability for decays involving large nuclei with too few neutrons. Positron emission and electron capture also increase the ratio, while beta decay decreases the ratio.
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More protons in the nucleus need more neutrons to bind the nucleus together. The graph below is a plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons in various stable isotopes. The stable nuclei are in the pink band known as the belt of stability.Adding extra neutrons increases the space between the protons.
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