The oxidation number of C in HCN
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Your statement should be: C {carbon} has +4,+2,-4 oxidation numbers, and N {nitrogen} has -5,+4,+3,+2,+1,-3,-2 oxidation numbers. In the compound HCN, carbon has +2, hydrogen has +1, and nitrogen has -3.
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The sum of the oxidation states has to be zero. A proton is +1, so carbon and nitrogen together have to be -1. The more electronegative atom gets the negative charge. Nitrogen is more electronegative than carbon, so it has a negative oxidation state.
A way to calculate oxidation state for carbon is to add +1 for every bond to a more electronegative atom (N,O, F, Cl are common examples), and -1 for every bond to a less electronegative atom (almost all metals, and hydrogen).
Carbon has 3 bonds to nitrogen (+3), and one to hydrogen (-1), for a total charge of +2. This means nitrogen has to be -3.
H = +1
C = +2
N = -3
total = 0.
A way to calculate oxidation state for carbon is to add +1 for every bond to a more electronegative atom (N,O, F, Cl are common examples), and -1 for every bond to a less electronegative atom (almost all metals, and hydrogen).
Carbon has 3 bonds to nitrogen (+3), and one to hydrogen (-1), for a total charge of +2. This means nitrogen has to be -3.
H = +1
C = +2
N = -3
total = 0.
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