Question

the power consumed in a circuit element will be least when the phase difference between the current and voltage is?
1.180
2.90
3.60
4.0

Answer 1

P=VIcos@
we know that when @=90
cos@=0
and power consumed is least

Answer 2

The phase difference between the voltage and the current is 90°. hence, option (2) is correct.

We have to find the phase difference between the current and voltage if the power consumed in a circuit element will be least.  

We should focus on this point, "The power consumed in a circuit element will be least." in a simple way, it means the circuit element doesn't consume power.i.e., power consumed in circuit element = zero

But we know, P = VIcosФ,

• V is voltage between terminals
• I is current through the circuit
• Ф is phase difference between voltage and current and it is also known as power factor.

Here, P = VIcosФ = 0

⇒ cosФ = 0 = cos90°

⇒ Ф = 90°

Therefore the phase difference between the voltage and the current is 90°.

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