the problem of an employment of india
Answers
Unemployment refers to a situation , when a person is able and willing to work at the prevailing wage rate, but does not get the opportunity to work.
The term unemployment is directly related with the concept of labour force , because the people, who are not included in labour force cannot be regarded as unemployed.
Labour force: All the people in the working age group (15–59 ) willing to work is called labour force.
Types of unemployment.
There are following types of unemployment:-
Voluntary unemployment: It occurs when a person is not willing to work at the prevailing rate of wage or does not desire to work.
Involuntary unemployment: It is the situation , in which the workers is willing and able to work , but he does not get work.
Frictional unemployment: It is temporary unemployment which is associated baith the changing of jobs in an economy. It can occur due to immobility of labour , shortage of raw materials, lack of knowledge of job opportunity, breakage of machines, etc.
Structural unemployment: It is concerned with the structural pattern of the economy. It arises in situations such as , shortage of factors of production like land, capital, lack of skills ,etc.
Cyclical unemployment: It associated with a general depression in the overall economy. It occurs due to economic cycles of boom and depression.
Seasonal unemployment: It arises because some occupations require workers only during certain session or duration.
Technical unemployment: It is associated with technical changes.
Educated unemployment: It refers to unemployment of those who are normally educated. It is both of open employment band under employment type, i.e. those who can't find work and those who work but less than their capabilities.
Disguised unemployment: It is type of unemployment in which more persons are employed bto do a job which can be done with less number of workers.
Underemployed: It is a situation, in which a person is employed in a job, which is not commensurate with his qualification, skill and experience. Under this condition , capabilities of the workers are not utilised property.
Problem of unemployment in India.
The unemployment in India is quite different from that of advanced countries. Advanced countries suffer from a cyclical unemploymen while our country suffers from structural unemployment.
Number of young people (15–24) persuing education and therefore, out of workforce, has increased dramatically causing a droup in the labour force participation rate.
Between 2004–05 and 2009–10, the overall labour force expanded by only 11.7 million, which is considerably lower than comparable earlier periods. This is because of larger retention big youth in education, and lower labour force participation rate among working age women.
Over the same period (2004–05 to 2009–10), 18 million job opportunities were created on CDS basia. Thus, in absolute terms, unemployment came down by 6.3 million and the unemployment rate, which had increased vfrim 6.06% in 1993–94 to 7.31% in 1999–2000 and further to 8.28% in 2004–05, come down to 6.60% in 2009–10.
The GDP from manufacturing increased in employment in the organised manufacturing sector. However, the overall employment in manufacturing sector actually declined during this period. Between 2004–05 and 2009–10, vast majority of new jobs were created bin casual employment, mainly in construction.
Source: NSSO ( 66th round) on employment and unemployment.
Causes of unemployment in India.
Following are major causes of unemployment in India:-
Rapid population growth. India is experiencing an explosive population growth since 1951. Infact, population increased at a rate of 2.5% annually. Therefore, growth of population is somewhat higher the growth of employment opportunities in the country.
Slow pace of growth. The foremost cause of unemployment is the slow pace of growth. The size of employment, generally depends on the level of development to a large extent. During the phase of planning, our country has made tremendous development in all sectors but the rate of growth is comparatively very slow than the targeted rate.
More emphasis on capital intensive techniques. In india, capital is scarce and labour is available in surplus quantity. Under these circumstances, the country should adopt labour intensive techniques of production. But, here it has been observed that not only in industries but in agriculture sector also, there is substantial increase in capital than labour.