the process of made petroleum from plastic
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Plastic material is easy to use and we can find it in more than 70% of things that we commonly use. However, plastic is also considered a hazardous waste that is accumulating in our surroundings. Plastic polymers are non-biodegradable, toxin carriers and are danger to animals if consumed. According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India generates 5.6 million tons of plastic waste annually and only 60% of this is recycled currently. While there are ecofriendly substitutes for some plastics, they are not as versatile or durable as plastics. So we have no option other than continuing the use of plastic, but reduce its usage in our daily life. However, we can increase the reuse and recycling of plastic waste generated. Fortunately, some innovators in India have come up with interesting ideas to convert plastic waste to petroleum!
IIP Process

After a decade-long research, a team of 6 scientists of Dehradun-based Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP) has achieved a breakthrough in developing a combination of catalysts that can convert plastic into either liquid fuel or aromatics. The distinctive feature of the IIP process is that the raw material or the feed always remains the same, but with the change in composition of catalysts and process conditions, different products can be derived. Furthermore, the process does not leave any toxic residue. According to the lead scientist Dr.Madhukar Onkarnath Garg, the IIP technology can obtain almost 100% feed-to-product conversion. The residue depends on the quality or type of plastic used in the feed, which can be as low as 0.5% in the case of clean raw material.
The IIP process involves pyrolysis of waste plastics, where plastic’s organic molecules are broken down due to high temperatures and catalytic conversion, followed by condensation to liquefy to get liquid petroleum or aromatics. Polyolefins like polyethylene and polypropylene, which is the main raw material for producing petrol and other products, accounts for 65% to 70% of the typical plastic waste fed into the process. From one kg raw polyolefinic plastic, 650-700ml petrol or 850ml diesel or 450-500ml aromatics along with LPG as a byproduct could be produced. Petrol produced through the IIP process costs INR30-40 per liter, inclusive of the plant cost, operations and manpower. This project was sponsored by Gas Authority of India Ltd, which is now exploring the options to commercialize this process.
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