The process of withdrawing fluid from the amniotic sac.
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Amniocentesis is a procedure used to obtain a small sample of the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy. Amniotic fluid is a clear, pale yellow fluid made by the fetus. The fluid protects the fetus from injury and helps to regulate the temperature of the fetus.
In addition to various enzymes, proteins, hormones, and other substances, the amniotic fluid contains cells shed by the fetus. These cells contain genetic information that can be used to diagnose chromosomal disorders and open neural tube defects (ONTDs), such as spina bifida. Testing may be available for other genetic defects and metabolic disorders depending on the family history and availability of lab testing at the time of the procedure.
Amniotic fluid also contains other substances that provide information about certain conditions. An amniocentesis may be performed in late pregnancy to check fetal well-being and diagnose fetal conditions, such as infection. An amniocentesis may be performed to check for fetal lung maturity if a baby is expected to be delivered early. Specific substances present in the amniotic fluid can be measured or tested for these conditions.
The fluid is sent to a genetics lab so that the cells can grow and be analyzed. Results are usually available in about 10 days to two weeks, depending on the lab. Results from fetal lung maturity tests are available within a few hours.
An amniocentesis is generally offered to women between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy who are at increased risk for chromosome abnormalities. This includes women who are over 35 years of age at delivery, or those who have had an abnormal maternal serum (blood) screening test indicating an increased risk for a chromosomal abnormality or neural tube defect.
Amniocentesis helps confirm a tentative diagnosis of an abnormality previously found with other testing. It may also find that a fetus does not have the abnormality that was suspected.
Another related procedure that may be used to diagnose genetic and chromosomal defects is chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Please see this procedure for additional information.
In addition to various enzymes, proteins, hormones, and other substances, the amniotic fluid contains cells shed by the fetus. These cells contain genetic information that can be used to diagnose chromosomal disorders and open neural tube defects (ONTDs), such as spina bifida. Testing may be available for other genetic defects and metabolic disorders depending on the family history and availability of lab testing at the time of the procedure.
Amniotic fluid also contains other substances that provide information about certain conditions. An amniocentesis may be performed in late pregnancy to check fetal well-being and diagnose fetal conditions, such as infection. An amniocentesis may be performed to check for fetal lung maturity if a baby is expected to be delivered early. Specific substances present in the amniotic fluid can be measured or tested for these conditions.
The fluid is sent to a genetics lab so that the cells can grow and be analyzed. Results are usually available in about 10 days to two weeks, depending on the lab. Results from fetal lung maturity tests are available within a few hours.
An amniocentesis is generally offered to women between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy who are at increased risk for chromosome abnormalities. This includes women who are over 35 years of age at delivery, or those who have had an abnormal maternal serum (blood) screening test indicating an increased risk for a chromosomal abnormality or neural tube defect.
Amniocentesis helps confirm a tentative diagnosis of an abnormality previously found with other testing. It may also find that a fetus does not have the abnormality that was suspected.
Another related procedure that may be used to diagnose genetic and chromosomal defects is chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Please see this procedure for additional information.
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