The role of the public nature of Malay literary activities
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Malays (Malay: Orang Melayu, Jawi: أورڠ ملايو) are an Austronesian ethnic group and nation native to the Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra of Indonesia and coastal Borneo, as well as the smaller islands which lie between these locations — areas that are collectively known as the Malay world. These locations are today part of the nations of Malaysia (Malay nation state), Brunei, Singapore, Indonesia and Southern Thailand.
Malays
Orang Melayu
أورڠ ملايو
Malay couple.jpg
A Malay couple in traditional attire after their akad nikah (marriage solemnisation) ceremony. The groom is wearing a baju melayu paired with songkok and songket, while the bride wears baju kurung with a tudong.
Total population
c. 23.5 million
Regions with significant populations
Malaysia Malaysia: 14,749,378[1]
Brunei Brunei: 261,902[2]
Malay world
c. 8 million
Indonesia Indonesia
5,365,399[3]
Thailand Thailand
1,964,384[4]
Singapore Singapore
653,449[5]
Diaspora
c. 400,000–450,000
South Africa South Africa
~200,000[6]note
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
~50,000[7][8]
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
40,189[9][a]
Australia Australia
33,183[10]
United Kingdom United Kingdom
~33,000[11]
United States United States
29,431[12]
Myanmar Myanmar
~27,000[13]
Canada Canada
16,920[14]
Languages
Malay
(IndonesianMalaysian)
Malayan languages
BangkaBangkokBengkuluBerauBruneiJambiKedahKelantan-PattaniPahangPalembangPerakPontianakSarawakTerengganuetc.
Religion
Predominantly Star and Crescent.svg Sunni Islam
Historically: Hinduism, Buddhism, Nature worship, and Animism
Related ethnic groups
Other Austronesian peoples
a Highly naturalized population of mixed origins, but using the 'Malay' identity
There is considerable genetic, linguistic, cultural, artistic, and social diversity among the many Malay subgroups, mainly due to hundreds of years of immigration and assimilation of various regional ethnicity and tribes within Maritime Southeast Asia. Historically, the Malay population is descended primarily from the earlier Malayic-speaking Austronesians and Austroasiatic tribes who founded several ancient maritime trading states and kingdoms, notably Brunei, Kedah, Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, Melayu and Srivijaya.[15][16]
The advent of the Malacca Sultanate in the 15th century triggered a major revolution in Malay history, the significance of which lies in its far-reaching political and cultural legacy. Common definitive markers of a Malayness – the religion of Islam, the Malay language and traditions – are thought to have been promulgated during this era, resulting in the ethnogenesis of the Malay as a major ethnoreligious group in the region.[17] In literature, architecture, culinary traditions, traditional dress, performing arts, martial arts, and royal court traditions, Malacca set a standard that later Malay sultanates emulated. The golden age of the Malay sultanates in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo saw many of their inhabitants, particularly from various tribal communities like the Batak, Dayak, Orang Asli and the Orang Laut become subject to Islamisation and Malayisation.[18] Today, some Malays have recent forebears from other parts of Maritime Southeast Asia, termed as anak dagang ("traders") and who predominantly consist of Banjar, Bugis, Minangkabau people and Acehnese peoples, while some are also descended from more recent immigrants from other countries.[19]
Throughout their history, the Malays have been known as a coastal-trading community with fluid cultural characteristics.[20][21] They absorbed, shared and transmitted numerous cultural features of other local ethnic groups, such as those of Minang, Acehnese, and to some degree Javanese culture; however Malay culture differs by being more overtly Islamic than the multi-religious Javanese culture. Ethnic Malays are also the major source of the ethnocultural development of the related Betawi, Banjar, Cape Malay, Cocos Malays and Sri Lankan Malay cultures, as well as the development of Malay trade and creole languages like Ambonese Malay, Baba Malay, the Betawi language and Manado Malay.
Malays
Orang Melayu
أورڠ ملايو
Malay couple.jpg
A Malay couple in traditional attire after their akad nikah (marriage solemnisation) ceremony. The groom is wearing a baju melayu paired with songkok and songket, while the bride wears baju kurung with a tudong.
Total population
c. 23.5 million
Regions with significant populations
Malaysia Malaysia: 14,749,378[1]
Brunei Brunei: 261,902[2]
Malay world
c. 8 million
Indonesia Indonesia
5,365,399[3]
Thailand Thailand
1,964,384[4]
Singapore Singapore
653,449[5]
Diaspora
c. 400,000–450,000
South Africa South Africa
~200,000[6]note
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
~50,000[7][8]
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
40,189[9][a]
Australia Australia
33,183[10]
United Kingdom United Kingdom
~33,000[11]
United States United States
29,431[12]
Myanmar Myanmar
~27,000[13]
Canada Canada
16,920[14]
Languages
Malay
(IndonesianMalaysian)
Malayan languages
BangkaBangkokBengkuluBerauBruneiJambiKedahKelantan-PattaniPahangPalembangPerakPontianakSarawakTerengganuetc.
Religion
Predominantly Star and Crescent.svg Sunni Islam
Historically: Hinduism, Buddhism, Nature worship, and Animism
Related ethnic groups
Other Austronesian peoples
a Highly naturalized population of mixed origins, but using the 'Malay' identity
There is considerable genetic, linguistic, cultural, artistic, and social diversity among the many Malay subgroups, mainly due to hundreds of years of immigration and assimilation of various regional ethnicity and tribes within Maritime Southeast Asia. Historically, the Malay population is descended primarily from the earlier Malayic-speaking Austronesians and Austroasiatic tribes who founded several ancient maritime trading states and kingdoms, notably Brunei, Kedah, Langkasuka, Gangga Negara, Chi Tu, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pahang, Melayu and Srivijaya.[15][16]
The advent of the Malacca Sultanate in the 15th century triggered a major revolution in Malay history, the significance of which lies in its far-reaching political and cultural legacy. Common definitive markers of a Malayness – the religion of Islam, the Malay language and traditions – are thought to have been promulgated during this era, resulting in the ethnogenesis of the Malay as a major ethnoreligious group in the region.[17] In literature, architecture, culinary traditions, traditional dress, performing arts, martial arts, and royal court traditions, Malacca set a standard that later Malay sultanates emulated. The golden age of the Malay sultanates in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo saw many of their inhabitants, particularly from various tribal communities like the Batak, Dayak, Orang Asli and the Orang Laut become subject to Islamisation and Malayisation.[18] Today, some Malays have recent forebears from other parts of Maritime Southeast Asia, termed as anak dagang ("traders") and who predominantly consist of Banjar, Bugis, Minangkabau people and Acehnese peoples, while some are also descended from more recent immigrants from other countries.[19]
Throughout their history, the Malays have been known as a coastal-trading community with fluid cultural characteristics.[20][21] They absorbed, shared and transmitted numerous cultural features of other local ethnic groups, such as those of Minang, Acehnese, and to some degree Javanese culture; however Malay culture differs by being more overtly Islamic than the multi-religious Javanese culture. Ethnic Malays are also the major source of the ethnocultural development of the related Betawi, Banjar, Cape Malay, Cocos Malays and Sri Lankan Malay cultures, as well as the development of Malay trade and creole languages like Ambonese Malay, Baba Malay, the Betawi language and Manado Malay.
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