Question

the rules for reported speech

Answer 1

Direct Speech

In direct speech, we convey the message of the speaker in his own actual words without any change to another person.

Indirect Speech

In indirect speech, we convey the message of the speaker in our own words to another person.

Indirect Speech Conversion

Present Tenses in the Direct Speech are changed into Past Tense

.Do Not Change Tense of reported Speech in Indirect Speech sentence

Direct Speech Conditon


.If the reporting or principal verb is in the Past Tense.

If in direct speech you find say/says or will say.Direct speech the words within the quotation marks talk of a universal truth or habitual action.The reporting verb is in a present tense.


Change of place and time


Change in Pronouns


Change in Tenses


Changes in Modals

Punctuation etc 

hope it will help

Answer 2

Answer:

Rule 1 -Words of the speaker (reported speech) are not  enclosed  in    inverted commas or quotation marks in Indirect Speech.

Eg: Radha said, “I am very busy now.”( Direct)

Radha said that she was very busy then. ( Indirect )

Rule 2 -The conjunction ‘that’ is used between reporting  verb and reported speech in Indirect speech.

Eg:Radha said that she was very busy then.

3. Change in pronoun –The pronoun of reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of the reporting verb.

Ravi said, “ I am exhausted.”

Ravi said that he was exhausted.

4.Change in Time and Place  

He said, “ I will go to Bangalore tomorrow.”

He said that he would go to Bangalore the next day.

5.Change in the Tense of Reported Speech.

For E.g: Present Simple  to  Past simple, Past to Past Perfect, Present Continuous  to Past Continuous etc.

Rule 6: There are certain situations where the tense of the reported speech does not change.

1. When the Reporting verb is in the present tense or in future tense

a.  He says, “I am in Dubai.”    

He says that he is in Dubai.    

 b.  She  will say, “I am writing a story.”

She  will say that she is writing a story.

2.If the direct speech contains Universal Truth, Habitual fact or Historical fact, then the tense of the direct speech remains unchanged even if the reporting verb is in the past.

The teacher said, “The Sun rises in the East.”    

The teacher said that the Sun rises in the East.

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