The society plays an important role in influencing scientific development. The social environment around researchers shapes scientific progress, also influencing the direction and path science takes in the current situation. And societal challenges often inspire questions for scientific research, and social priorities often influence research priorities through the availability of funding for research.
Science influences society through its knowledge and world view. Scientific knowledge and the procedures used by scientists influence the way many individuals in society think about themselves, others, and the environment. Technology influences the quality of life and the ways people act and interact. Technological changes are often accompanied by social, political, and economic changes that can be beneficial or detrimental to individuals and to society. Social needs, attitudes, and values influence the direction of technological development.
Science and technology have advanced through the contributions of many different people, in different cultures, at different times in history. Science and technology have contributed enormously to economic growth and productivity among societies and groups within societies.
But just as science and technology provide all the "nuts and bolts", as well as many of the ideas that hold our society together, society itself provides the environment and atmosphere for science and technology to either grow fast or stagnate or even decay!
Science and technology do not exist independent of the society, its culture and the value system. They are a part of the socio-economic and political framework of a given society.
Motivation for the practical application of science and, hence, its growth and use comes from the economic needs of society. The economic planning and policy of a society determine its social programmes and the purposes and goals of society's production activity, which in turn provides the incentive for scientific growth. However, answers to questions like what kind of economic policy will be pursued, whether the social
programmes will be implemented, and to what extent, depends on the political and social organisation of a society. Thus, science and technology can be more directly influenced by the general policies and social structure of a society.
For example, in the 1st half of the 20th century, the world was gripped in the clutches of war. Consequently, funds were made available to scientists in military technology and warfare sciences. The result- nuclear energy and its potential were unlocked.
Another example is how researches in biotechnology and genetic engineering have been promoted by corporations and industries in a bid to earn from the new technologies.
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