The solution of ammonia in water behaves as an alkali. Explain
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However, a chemical reaction also occurs when ammonia dissolves in water. In aqueous solution, ammonia acts as a base, acquiring hydrogen ions from H2O to yield ammonium and hydroxide ions. In contrast, the ammonium ion acts as a weak acid in aqueous solution because it dissociates to form hydrogen ion and ammonia.
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Ammonia gas dissolves in water and reacts as a base accepting a proton to produce {NH4]+ and OH-. It is the OH- which gives the high pH and produces what you are referring to alkaline properties. So it is not the ammonia gas which is giving these properties.
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