The stomata open when guard cells take up calcium ions from the surrounding
cells.
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According to the most widely accepted theory of stomatal opening and closing, the stomata open and close due to the turgor movement of guard cells. The changes in turgidity of guard cells are brought about by influx and efflux of potassium ions.
Influx of potassium ions reduces water potential of guard cells. Thus, water flows into guard cells from surrounding cells. Increase in turgidity of guard cells opens the stomatal pore.
Similarly efflux of potassium ions from guard cells increases their water potential and water flows out from guard cells making them flaccid. Thus, closing the stomatal pore.
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