the substance deposition of which in our muscle cells causes cramps in muscle?
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A muscle cramp is a strong, painful contraction or tightening of a musclethat comes on suddenly and lasts from a few seconds to several minutes. It often occurs in the legs. A muscle cramp is also called a charley horse. Nighttime leg cramps are usually sudden spasms, or tightening, of muscles in the calf.
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They typically affect the large muscles of the legs during or immediately after exercise and last for seconds to a few minutes. These are typically benign but result in intense pain and may not seem innocuous at the time.
There is little definitive knowledge of the etiology of ERMC. Traditionally, such cramping was believed to arise from dehydration, electrolyte imbalances (including magnesium, potassium and sodium), accumulation of lactic acid, or low cellular energy levels. These proposals, however, have been shown to have minimal scientific value. More recent developments indicate that the cause of cramps most likely involves hyperactivity of the nerve-muscle reflex arc.
In this scheme, some of the normal inhibitory activity of the central nervous system (CNS) reflexes is lost as a result of CNS fatigue or overuse of feedback communication with muscles. These spinal reflexes use two receptors, known as Golgi tendon organs and muscles spindles, found in skeletal muscles. Golgi tendon organs may become inhibited and muscles spindles can become hyperactive, leading to sustained activation of the muscle.
It has been suggested that prolonged sitting, poor or abnormal posture or inefficient biomechanics (all of which may be related to poor flexibility) predispose these reflexes to malfunctioning. Age also seems to predispose individuals to cramping--the phenomenon may develop later in life for people who exercise for years without prior problems
Other factors include increased body weight and improper footwear. Eccentric muscle contraction and other musculoskeletal injuries can contribute to the problem.
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