The sun faces then equator twice in a year.How is the length of the day during that time and why?
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Answer:
The time of sunrise to sunset (what is typically considered daytime) at the equator is about 12 h + 7 min, which makes the rest nighttime, about 11 h + 53 min.
At both poles, it is daytime for the whole 24 h day, with no nighttime on the day of the equinox. The Sun rises at one pole about 50 h before the equinox and sets at the other pole about 50 h after the equinox.
Between the equator and the poles, the interval of daytime is intermediate between that at the equator and that at the pole—you have to get pretty far away from the equator to make much difference.
Contrary to popular belief and incorrect teaching in elementary school (don’t believe everything your teacher or textbooks told you), daytime and nighttime are nowhere equal on the day of a solstice—daytime is everywhere at least about 13 min longer than nighttime. This difference is because the Sun is not a point in the sky but a disk, and sunrise/sunset is considered to occur when the Sun just becomes visible as a sliver/just totally disappears (called the upper limb traversing the horizon), not when the center of the Sun is at the horizon; also that close to the horizon involves the Sun passing through quite a bit of atmosphere causing refraction so that we can actually the whole solar disk even though the whole solar disk is in reality below the horizon, nominally blocked from view by Earth’s surface.
Check the newspaper or cellphone weather report for sunrise and sunset times on the day of the equinox to see they are more than 12 h apart. In mid-latitudes, the date of daytime equaling nighttime is usually about 4 d before the spring equinox and about 4 d after the autumn equinox.
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