Question

the tillers of the soil could not leave agriculture even when they were exploited​

Answer 1

Answer:

I can't able to understand so post it clearly OK

Answer 2

Answer:

There was a need for land reforms to bring about equity in agriculture through change in the ownership of landholdings. The following- points explain the need for land reforms

(1) Land Tenure System At the time of independence, the land tenure system was characterised by intermediaries like zamindars, jagirdars etc who just collected rent from the actual tillers of the soil and did not contribute towards improvements in productivity of the agricultural sector.

(i)This resulted in low agricultural productivity and of tillers of land.

(ii) Size of Land Holdings The size of land hold exploitation by the farmers was very small. These small holdings were also fragmented i.e., spread in different areas. This restricted the use of modern techniques which are suitable for e operations and resulted in higher average costs.

(iii) Lack of Initiative The land was mostly owned by the landlords and hence, the farmers lacked initiative to invest in modern technology of cultivation. Land reforms were needed to abolish intermediaries and to make the tillers the owners of land so that ownership of land would give incentives to the tillers invest in making in improvements in farm productivity provided sufficient capital was made available to them,

(iv) Traditional Methods Due to small size of holdings and land tenure system, Indian farmers used to rely on the conventional and traditional methods which resulted in low level of productivity of agricultural sector. Due to the above problems, various land reforms Intermediaries The main objective of land reforms was lo abolish intermediaries like zamindars etc. With the abolition of intermediaries around 200 lakh tenants came into direct contact with the government and were thus freed from exploitation by the zamindars the ownership of land gave tenants the incentive to increase output in agriculture. However, the goal of equally was not fully served by abolition of due to loopholes in the tenants and claimed to be the actual tillers, thereby the legislation. They y evicted claiming ownership of land. (1) Land Ceilings This means fixing the maximum size of land which could be owned by an individual. The purpose of land ceiling was to promote equity in agriculture and reduce the concentration of land ownership in a few hands. Through the land ceiling, legislation government was empowered to confiscate landless farmers. The land ceiling legislation also faced hurdles The big landlords challenged the legislation in the courts, delaying its implementation and during this delay, they registered then lands in the name of close relatives, thereby escaping form the legislation. Land reforms were successful in Kerala and West Bengal because of the commitment of the governments of these states, but other states did

not have the same level of commitment and hence, land reforms were not generallysuccessful in

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