The Topic is ‘ CORONA VIRUS’
Under this topic you have to cover these points:-
Explain these disaster risk management cycle covering these points (Response, Rehabilitation and Recovery, Prevention and Mitigation, Preparedness),
Answers
Answer:
Good morning . Here is your answer
Explanation:
Sudden-onset natural and technological disasters impose a substantial health burden, either directly on the population or indirectly on the capacity of the health services to address primary health care needs. The relationship between communicable diseases and disasters merits special attention. This chapter does not address epidemics of emerging or reemerging diseases, chronic degradation of the environment, progressive climatic change, or health problems associated with famine and temporary settlements.
In line with the definition of health adopted in the constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO), the chapter treats disasters as a health condition or risk, which, as any other "disease," should be the subject of epidemiological analysis, systematic control, and prevention, rather than merely as an emergency medicine or humanitarian matter. The chapter stresses the interdependency between long-term sustainable development and catastrophic events, leading to the conclusion that neither can be addressed in isolation.
Disasters as a Public Health Condition
According to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, internationally reported disasters in 2002 affected 608 million people worldwide and killed 24,532—well below the preceding decade's annual average mortality of 62,000 (IFRC 2003). Many more were affected by myriad local disasters that escaped international notice.
Disaster has multiple and changing definitions. The essential common element of those definitions is that disasters are unusual public health events that overwhelm the coping capacity of the affected community. This concept precludes the universal adoption of a threshold number of casualties or victims. What would be a minor incident in a large country may constitute a major disaster in a small isolated island state. Not only are "quantitative definitions of disasters unworkably simplistic" as noted by Alexander (1997, 289), but when based on the economic toll or the number of deaths, they are also misleading with regard to the immediate health needs of the survivors or their long-term impact on the affected country.
Classification of Disasters
In the early 1970s, a series of well-publicized disasters (the civil war and resulting famine in Biafra, the cyclone in Bangladesh, and the earthquake in Peru) triggered the scientific interest of the international public health community.
Disasters can be classified as natural disasters, technological disasters, or complex emergencies. The latter include civil wars and conflicts. These classifications are arbitrary and refer to the immediate trigger—a natural phenomenon or hazard (biological, geological, or climatic); a technologically originated problem; or a conflict. In reality, all disasters are complex events stemming from the interaction of external phenomena and the vulnerability of man and society.
The human responsibility in so-called natural disasters is well acknowledged. The term natural disaster remains commonly used and should not be understood as denying a major human responsibility for the consequences.
COVID 19 is one of the disastrous pandemic which has caused immense health crisis and humanitarian catastrophe. It's more of a man made disaster which needed to be curtailed and prudent risk management must be ensured based upon DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION CYCLE.
PREVENTION: The prevention need to be looked into following aspects :-
1) Prevention of the origination of this ZOONOTIC Disease, by segregating animal habitats from human activities like non consumption of bat's meat etc.
2) Preventing spread of the diseases to the global level with the interlinkages of globalization.
3) Preventing the spread of the disease by using adequate safety measure like face masks, regular cleaning of hands from sanitisers and soaps, use PPEs during medical treatment etc.
4) Prevention through maintenance of social distancing and adopting lockdown measures.
PREPAREDNESS:-
Preparedness during the eve of outburst of the disease would be of immense help. building strong medical facilities, isolation centers, testing laboratories, proactive monitoring systems etc.
RESPONSE:-
Response during the disaster is the very heart of disaster management efforts. The govt. need to effectively respond the disease with proactive manner by providing intensive medical care fot the patients especially the critical ones with ICU and ventilator facilities.
RECOVERY:-
There is also need to give proper focus. Recovery of the patients as well as recovery of the affected society and economy due to lockdown must be given due care.
REHABILITATION:-
Rehabilitation of the Corona patients, poor migrant workers, deplorable social groups, farmers, daily wage earners etc need to be focused hand in hand with various sectors of economy like MSMEs, agriculture sector etc. Govt of India has initiated ATAMANIRBHAR BHARAT ABHIYAAN to boost the affected sectors of the economy.
MITIGATION:-
Mitigation need to be ensured by developing corona vaccine at the earliest. At the same time mitigation could also be made possible by adapting the social and economic life of the people with the corona, by implementing effective social distance and personal hygiene norms.
Disasters like Corona has impacted multidimensional aspects of human life thus it requires a multi-pronged strategy. Proactiveness and greater preventive measures are the key to contain the chronic spread of this deadly virus at the earliest.