Question

The treatment of alkyl chloride with aqueous KOH leads to formation of alcohol but in the presence of alcoholic KOH alkenes are major product explain.

Answer 1

Answer:

If aqueous solution, KOH is almost completely ionized to give

OH-

ions which being a strong nucleophile brings about a substitution reaction on alkyl halides to form alcohols. Further in the aqueous solution,

OH-

ions are highly solvated (hydrated). This solvation reduces the basic character of

OH-

ions which, therefore, fails to abstract a hydrogen from the p-carbon of the alkyl chloride to form alkenes. ln contrast, an alcoholic solution of KOH contains alkoxide

(RO-)

ion which being a much stronger base than

OH-

ions perferentially eliminates of HCl from an alkyl chloride to form alkenes.

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