The types of metamorphic rocks and their explanations
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1. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
Foliated metamorphic rocks are formed from direct exposure to pressure and heat. They are the most vital and largest groupings of metamorphic rocks. Foliated metamorphic rocks have four distinguishable types of aligned textures and they normally have a banded or layered appearance.
Examples include slate, gneiss, phyllite, and schist. Non-foliated are formed as a result of tectonic movements or direct pressure which makes their formation highly dependent on their pre-existing conditions.
2. Non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks
Non-foliated metamorphic rocks do not have a banded or layered appearance. The extensively known example of non-foliated metamorphic rock is a marble. Other examples include quartzite, hornfels, and novaculite.
Examples of Metamorphic Rocks
There are hundreds of metamorphic rocks across the face of the earth with different compositions and textures. The best way of learning their various types is by handling and seeing them in reality. Here is a list of the most known types of metamorphic rocks.
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1. Hornfels
Hornfels is a fine-grained metamorphic rock formed by the action of heat on clay rocks, known as contact metamorphism. It has a non-foliated metamorphic rock that has no specific composition. Hornfels are heated when near a heat source such as a sill, dike, or magma chamber.
2. Amphibolite
Amphibolite is non-foliated metamorphic rock that is composed chiefly of plagioclase and amphibole (hornblende), frequently with very little quartz. Amphibolite forms under conditions of directed pressure and high viscosity through the process of recrystallization.
3. Gneiss
Gneiss is a foliated metamorphic rock made up of granular mineral grains. It contains a lot of feldspar minerals and bands of quartz and sometimes mica. It normally has a banded appearance and is sort of laminated. It appears similar to granite.
4. Novaculite
Novaculite is a hard, fine-grained, dense, siliceous rock. It is non-foliated metamorphic rocks known to break with a conchoidal fracture. It forms in marine environments from sediment deposits where organisms like diatoms plentiful in water – the single-celled algae that secret hard shells made up of silicon dioxide.
5. Marble
Marble is among the non-foliated metamorphic rocks produced from the metamorphism of dolostone or limestone. It takes high polish and is often used for sculpture and as building material. Marble is mainly composed of calcium carbonate.
6. Phyllite
Phylite is mostly made up of very fine-grained mica and sometimes chlorite. It is a foliated metamorphic rock and its surface is generally lustrous and in certain cases wrinkled. Geologists say it represents the intermediate state between slate and schist.
7. Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli is one of the rarest metamorphic rocks, especially because of its blue color. Thus, Lapis Lazuli is famously known for its blue gem material and they are used for decoration and to make beads in the form of round small stones.
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8. Quartzite
Quartzite is a hard metamorphic rock consisting essentially of interlocking quartz crystals. It is a non-foliated metamorphic rock formed during the metamorphism of sandstone.
9. Slate
Slate is a low-grade and fine-grained metamorphic rock that can be separated into thin pieces. It is a type of foliated metamorphic rock that is produced by the metamorphism of shale. Slates are predominantly realigned clay minerals.
10. Schist
Schist is a foliated metamorphic rock that is well developed and contains substantial amounts of mica. Because of the high concentrations of mica, schist can readily split into thin layers.
Geologists say it represents the intermediate metamorphic grade between gneiss and phyllite. Sometimes schist might contain high amounts of chlorite.
11. Soapstone
Soapstone is a metamorphic rock primarily made up of talc with a soapy feel and varying amounts of other minerals such as chlorite, pyroxenes, micas, carbonates, and amphiboles. It is also a highly dense, soft, and heat resistant rock with high heat capacity. Because of its properties after metamorphism, it is considered highly used in a wide range of artistic and architectural works.
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Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
On these jewels, one can witness the arrangement of certain mineral grains appearing like resemblant stripes. Foliation occurs when pressure forces compress minerals within a gemstone to align in a lengthen or flat way. These from a distance- such like structure which reflects pressure applied direction.
exemplifications of foliated metamorphic jewels are determinedness, gneiss, and biotite schist.
Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
These types of jewels are formed of minerals that aren't flat or elongated. Then, the grains won't be aligned when pressure is applied. Concentrated or banded appearances aren't seen on non-foliated metamorphic jewels.
exemplifications of foliated metamorphic jewels are skarn, novaculite, marble, hornfels, and quartzite.
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