The Virginia Plan was the outline developed by James Madison in his proposal for a restructuring of the Central American government which was taken on and debated at the 1787 Constitutional Convention. The resulting document was the U.S. Constitution which became the founding document of the U.S. government following its ratification by the states.
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The Virginia Plan was introduced to the Constitutional Convention in 1787, James Madison’s Virginia Plan outlined a strong national government with three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The plan called for a legislature divided into two bodies (the Senate and the House of Representatives) with proportional representation. That is, each state’s representation in Congress would be based on its population. The alternative to the Virginia Plan, William Paterson’s New Jersey Plan, intended to give states equal representation in a one-bodied legislature. Adopted on July 16, 1787, the “Connecticut Compromise” utilized both forms of representation, providing proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate.