Question

The wall of a dam is broad at its base why does it happen?

Answer 1

this is because the deeper we go the more the pressure of water so to withstand that pressure a thicker wall is needed



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Answer 2

In fluids, the pressure increases with increase in depth.

So, the bottom of the dam is thicker than the top of the dam because the bottom of the dam is facing more water and pressure than the topper parts of the dam.  

So the bottom should be the strongest because small crack in the top region can be eradicated or repaired in a time mean, even the bottom can be repaired but the crack in the bottom can be missed easily and small crack will totally damage or destroy the whole dam.