There were several factors that led to the decline of Delhi sultanate in 15th century. List five causes that led to the downfall of the empire of the delhi Sultnate.
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The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).[5][6] Five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khilji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414),[7] the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526).
Delhi Sultanate
1206–1526
Flag of Delhi Sultanate
Flag
Delhi Sultanate reached its zenith under the Turko-Indian Tughlaq dynasty.[1]
Delhi Sultanate reached its zenith under the Turko-Indian Tughlaq dynasty.[1]
Capital
Lahore (1206–1210)
Badayun (1210–1214)
Delhi (1214–1327)
Daulatabad (1327–1334)
Delhi (1334–1506)
Agra (1506–1526)
Common languages
Persian (official),[2] Hindustani (since 1451)[3]
Religion
Sunni Islam
Government
Sultanate
Sultan
• 1206–1210
Qutb al-Din Aibak (first)
• 1517–1526
Ibrahim Lodi (last)
Legislature
Corps of Forty
Historical era
Middle Ages
• Independence[4]
12 June 1206
• Battle of Amroha
20 December 1305
• Battle of Panipat
21 April 1526
Currency
Taka
Preceded by Succeeded by
Ghurid dynasty
Gahadavala
Chandela dynasty
Paramara dynasty
Deva dynasty
Seuna (Yadava) dynasty
Kakatiya dynasty
Musunuri Nayaks
Vaghela dynasty
Yajvapala dynasty
Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura
Mughal Empire
Bengal Sultanate
Bahamani Sultanate
Gujarat Sultanate
Malwa Sultanate
Vijayanagara Empire
Today part of
Bangladesh
India
Pakistan
Qutb al-Din Aibak, a former Turkic Mamluk slave of Muhammad Ghori, was the founder of the Delhi Sultnate, and his Mamluk dynasty conquered large areas of northern India. Afterwards, the victories of the Khilji dynasty expanded in the south. The sultanate reached the peak of its geographical reach during the Tughlaq dynasty, occupying most of the Indian subcontinent.[8] This was followed by decline due to Hindu reconquests, states such as the Vijayanagara Empire and Mewar asserting independence, and new Muslim sultanates such as the Bengal Sultanate breaking off.[9][10] In 1526, the Sultanate was conquered and succeeded by the Mughal Empire.
The sultanate is noted for its integration of the Indian subcontinent into a global cosmopolitan culture[11] (as seen concretely in the development of the Hindustani language[12] and Indo-Islamic architecture[13][14]), being one of the few powers to repel attacks by the Mongols (from the Chagatai Khanate)[15] and for enthroning one of the few female rulers in Islamic history, Razia Sultana, who reigned from 1236 to 1240.[16] Bakhtiyar Khalji's annexations were responsible for the large-scale desecration of Hindu and Buddhist temples[17] (leading to the decline of Buddhism in East India and Bengal[18][19]), and the destruction of Buddhist universities and libraries.[20][21] Although at first disruptive for the Indian elites, the sultanate largely left its vast non-Muslim subject population to its own laws and customs.[22][23] By repeatedly repulsing Mongol raiders, the sultanate saved India from the devastation visited on West and Central Asia, setting the scene for centuries of migration of fleeing soldiers, learned men, mystics, traders, artists, and artisans from that region into the subcontinent, thereby creating a syncretic Indo-Islamic culture.[24][
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