Think about some hindrances that come in the way of national integration. Give suggestion to overcome these hindrance.
Answers
Answer:Both from the point of view of geographical extension and demographic composition, India is a vast country. Despite the development in the means of communication, people are still living in inaccessible areas without having any close contact with the national mainstream. They are cut off from the rest of the society. It affects the geographical and emotional integration of the people.
Regionalism:People of different regions attempt to have their regional and local interest over and above the national interests. The regional disparity in economic development creates widespread discontentment among the people of different regions, particularly in north-eastern states of India. Regionalism also finds its expression in various ways like demands for statehood, more autonomy or for special privileges. It also exists in the form of secessionism which aggressively affects the spirit of integration.
Linguism:
People, communicating through a common language, always develop close intimacy among themselves. Language based regionalism has taken serious turn in India. The strong controversy over the issue of Hindi as the national language has created a conflict between the North and South India.
The Constitutional guarantee of protection to the language of minority groups, the three language formula, the Official Languages Act etc. though to a some extent, has resolved the problem of linguism in India, yet occasional conflict goes on. Linguistic pluralism is operating as an impediment in the way of national integration in India.
Communalism:
Acting in the name of some religion or traditions, communalism promotes the interest of a section of the people detrimental to the society as a whole. It develops active hostility towards other communities living within the same body politic. Hindu Communalism, Muslim Communalism, Christian Communalism, Sikh Communalism, Linguistic Communalism etc., have become, from time to time, big hindrances to the process of national integration.
A number of communal and sectarian organisations are existing in different parts of the country. Different political parties are preaching communalism to attain their immediate political goal. They even create communal tensions and try to take political advantage out of it. Communalization of politics, as a process, obstructs the process of national integration.
Casteism:
The Indian social system is a caste based hierarchical system. The caste consciousness has divided the people into high caste and low caste. The age old discrimination and exploitation of the lower strata of the society has compelled the government to provide protective discrimination in favour of these weaker sections of the society in a way of reservations. However, the policy of reservation has created a sense of resentment among the high caste people.
The policy of reservation encourages the perpetuation of class distinctions by getting periodic extension of privileges through reservation. When the recommendations of the Mandal Commission Report were implemented by the National Front Government in 1990, there was a sudden outbreak of violent agitations in different parts of the country.
The Supreme Court thus directed to make reservations within the total limit of 50 percent. The recent attempts to include religious minorities and financially weaker high castes within reservation benefitted class are highly controversial and likely to create more controversy.
Poverty and Ignorance:
Failure of the government to eradicate poverty and illiteracy of the people also pose a serious threat to the process of national integration. Poverty breeds anti-social activities and kills the national consciousness of the people. Ignorant people cannot contribute their best for the common good. Want of basic needs, lack of employment opportunities, unbalanced economic growth etc. cause impediment in the integration process.
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