three challenges were face India after independance
Answers
The three challenges which were face by India after Independence :-
1. Integration of princely states.
2. Settlement of refugees.
3. Death of Mahatma Gandhi.
Hope it helps u!
right after independence can be divided into three phases:
Phase 1: 1947-1967
Phase 2: 1967-1977
Phase3: 1977-1984.
Independence
Phase 1 ( 1947- 1967)
India primarily these issues during this phase:
The division of assets: Tensions stretched to a breaking point with Pakistan over the division of assets. According to the Indo- Pakistan financial settlement of 1947 India had to pay rupees 55 crores as the latter’s share of the assets.
The Refugee Problem: The partition of India gave way to the refugee problem. By mid-1948 about 5.5 million non-Muslims had moved into India and a very large number of Muslims had left India for Pakistan. According to the Indian government, the non-Muslims left behind property worth 500 crores in west Pakistan whereas the Muslim losses in India are put to 100 crores.
Origin of the Kashmir Problem: The Maharaja Hari Singh was a Hindu while 75% of the population was that of Muslims. Kashmir was strategically important for both India and Pakistan, however, the famous movement lead by Sheik Abdullah waned integration with India. The Maharaja, on the other hand, feared democracy in India and communalism in Pakistan, thus hoping to stay independent.
Foundation of the Indian Democracy: The first general elections in India which were held in 1952 was a landmark event in the history of the state which marked the establishment of the Indian democracy. It was held over a period of 4 months from October 1951 to February 1952. Congress got more than 70% of the votes polled.
Linguistic Reorganization: Boundaries of the British Indian provinces had been drawn and redrawn in a haphazard manner without any thought to cultural and linguistic cohesion. Most provinces were multilingual and multicultural and after independence, many former princely states were absorbed into them. There was a demand for linguistically homogeneous provinces.
The Indus Water Dispute: The dispute started in 1960. The dispute arose because Indus and its tributaries flow through both India and Pakistan. West Pakistan and West India were both dependent on Indus and its tributaries for water, power supply, and irrigation. These rivers rise in India and the canal system is also in India. Partition cut through a complex and unified system of canals.
Phase 2 ( 1967-1977)
The problems that India faced after independence in this phase were as follows:
The Elections of 1967
In 1967 elections were held in February. This time the popularity of the Indian National Congress had declined considerably although the INC did win for the fourth time. The number of seats won was less. The reason behind the dismissal show of the Congress was the death of two prominent leaders, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Lal Bahadur Shastri. There were also internal problems in the party. The most important feature of the elections of 1967 was the coming together of the opposition parties.
Phase 3 ( 1977- 1984)
India primarily these issues during this phase after independence:
The Janta Government
On 18th January 1977, Mrs Gandhi suddenly announced that elections to the Lok Sabha will be held in March. The election was seen by the people as a referendum on the emergency. JP also campaigned against the Congress. The Janta party and its allies won with a huge majority. The Congress did not do well. It was virtually wiped out from the north. Sanjay Gandhi and Mrs Gandhi were both defeated however they continued doing well in the south.
Return of the Congress to Power
Even though the Janta Government had won with a huge majority, it was not able to retain power for a very long period of time. Soon after the elections, there was a tussle for the position of the Prime Minister. Their non-performance in administration, lack of implementation of policies and a non-united socio-economic programme declined support among the masses by the end of 1977.
hope its clear to you.
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