Through a self drawn single graph explain the possible levels of CyclinD and CDK4/6 in G1-S and G2-M phase of the cell cycle in a cell undergoing division. Use hashed line for Cyclin and solid line for CDK.
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Explanation:
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Production of two cells from one requires duplication of all molecules and organelles that compose each cell. DNA does not duplicate throughout the cycle but only during several hours in S-phase (Fig. 1). During S-phase, the DNAs of the 100,000 genes located on 23 pairs (in humans) of chromosomes are replicated, each in a timely fashion. This requires the ordered assembly of many proteins at the origins of DNA replication to form a competent, pre-replicative chromosomal state. All eukaryotes use similar proteins to license replication origins.1 After formation, competent origins are activated by cyclin-dependent kinases. Once started, DNA replication must be finished. Therefore, extracellular signals such as growth factors (GF) must not and do not control S-phase progression. Although S-phase is independent of growth factors, massive DNA damage or deprivation of nucleotides forces a cell to be arrested in S-phase, but such arrest is usually accompanied by cell death.