Question

Till mid eighteen century there were no nation states as exist today."Justify by giving examples

Answer 1

During the mid-eighteenth century there were no nation states in Europe. Germany, Italy and Switzerland were ruled by different rulers with autonomous territories. Autocratic monarchies were there in eastern and central part of Europe. These areas were occupied by different peoples. They did not see themselves as sharing a collective identity or common culture. They spoke different languages and belonged to different ethnic groups, like the area of Austria –Hungary included the Alpine region the Tyrol. Sudetenland and Bohemia were dominated by German-speaking people. It also included the province of Lombardy and Venetia which had Italian speaking people. In Hungary, the half of the population spoke Magyar and the other half of the population spoke different dialects. In the part of Galicia the aristocratic class spoke Polish.

Besides these three dominant groups, a mass of subject peasant people like –Roumans to the east in Transylvania, Bohemians and Slovaks to the north, Slovenes in Carniola and the Croats to the south lived within the boundary. The only tie binding those different groups together was a common allegiance to the emperor.

Answer 2

Answer:

Europe did not have "nation-states" in the modern sense until the middle of the eighteenth century. The nations that we now know as Germany, Italy, and Switzerland were once divided into kingdoms, duchies, and cantons, each of whose rulers had their own independent territory.

Explanation:

Europe had no nation-states by the middle of the seventeenth century. Different kings with independent states ruled over independent nations including Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. In eastern and central Europe, there were autocratic kingdoms. Different people lived in these places. They did not consider themselves to have a shared culture or collective identity. They spoke various languages and belonged to various ethnic groups, such as in the Austrian region. The Tyrol region of the Alps was included in Hungary. German speakers predominated in Sudetenland and Bohemia. Additionally, it comprised the Italian-speaking regions of Lombardy and Veneto. The majority of people in Hungary spoke Magyar, whereas the remaining population spoke other dialects. Polish was the language of the aristocracy in that region of Galicia.

In addition to these three dominating ethnicities, a large number of subject peasants lived inside the boundaries, including Romans in Transylvania to the east, Bohemians and Slovaks to the north, Slovenes in Carniola, and Croats to the south. Only a shared commitment to the monarch brought those various parties together.

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