Tissues - a. Identification of plant tissues (Parenchyma, Collenchyma and sclerenchyma) b. Identification of animal tissues ( Epithelial , Muscular , Connective, Nerve tissue)
Answers
The tissue is composed of living cells, with various shapes, sizes and functions. The cells provide mechanical support to the plant body. The parenchyma also acts as a storage tissue for food, air and water. Cells of sclerenchyma tissue are higly lignified with very thick cell walls and obliterated lumen.
There are 4 basic types of tissue: connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. Connective tissue supports other tissues and binds them together (bone, blood, and lymph tissues).
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Introduction :
• A group of cells that are similar in origin, structure and work together to achieve a particular function
forms a tissue.
• Study of tissues is called Histology.
• The term tissue was coined by Bichat in 1792 (Father of histology).
• Marcello Malpighi is considered as founder of histology.
• The term histology was coined by Mayer in 1819.
Plant tissue
• The plant tissues are supportive, which provides them with structural strength.
• Plant Tissues are of two types Meristematic & Permanent tissues.
Note: -
Totipotent cells are capable of giving rise to all the various cell types of the body of an organism.
1. Meristematic Tissue
These are simple living tissues having thin walled compactly arranged immature cells which are capable
of division and formation of new cells.
Features of Meristematic tissues:
• Thin primary cell wall (cellulosic).
• Intercellular spaces are absent.
• Generally, vacuoles are absent, dense cytoplasm & single large nucleus.
• Large numbers of cell organelles are present.
• Active metabolic state, stored food is absent.
• Actively dividing cells are present in growing regions of plants, example: root & shoot tips.
Classification of Meristematic Tissues on the Basis of Origin
A. Primary Meristematic Tissues
• Derived directly from the meristems of embryo.
• They consist of cells derived from primary meristem.
• They help to primary growth of plants.
B. Secondary Meristematic Tissues
• Formed by permanent tissues.
• These are having cells derived from primary permanent tissue.
• They usually increase the diameter of plants.