to prepare hydrogen gas from acid and a metal experiment observation.
Answers
Answer:
2NaOH + Zn = Na2ZnO2 + H2
Answer:
Atoms are always competing with each other for valence electrons. Hydrogen "wants" those electrons. So an active metal reacts with acids to produce hydrogen.
Equipment
Apparatus
Lesson 1
Eye protection
Test tubes, 100 mm x 16 mm or similar, x8
Test tube rack
Corks or bungs to fit test tubes loosely, x2
Bunsen burner
Wood splint
Lesson 2
Conical flask, 100 cm3
Beaker, 100 cm3
Measuring cylinder, 100 cm3
Glass stirring rod
Spatula
Filter funnel, approximately 65 mm diameter
Filter paper
Bunsen burner
Tripod
Pipeclay triangle or ceramic gauze (see note 1)
Heat resistant mat
Evaporating basin, at least 50 cm3 capacity
Crystallising dish (see note 2)
Apparatus notes
Ceramic gauzes can be used instead of pipeclay triangles to support the evaporating basin, but the evaporation will then take longer.
The evaporation and crystallisation stages may well be incomplete in the time available for Lesson 2. In this case, the crystallisation dishes need to be set aside for crystallisation to take place slowly. However, the dishes should not be allowed to dry out completely, as this spoils the quality of the crystals. With occasional checks, it should be possible to decide when to decant surplus solution from each dish to leave good crystals for the students to inspect in the following lesson.
Chemicals
Lesson 1
Dilute hydrochloric acid, 1 M, 25 cm3
Dilute sulfuric acid, 0.5 M (IRRITANT), 25 cm3
Small granules, coarse filings, or foil pieces of these metals in small labelled containers: copper, iron, magnesium, zinc
Lesson 2
Small zinc granules, approximately 5 g in a labelled container
Dilute sulfuric acid, 0.5 M (IRRITANT), 50 cm3
Health, safety and technical notes
Read our standard health and safety guidance.
Wear eye protection throughout.
The selection of metals can vary according to what is available as small granules (up to 5 mm), coarse filings or foil. What matters is that each group has at least two metals that react readily and one that does not.
Copper, Cu(s) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC026.
Iron filings, Fe(s) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC055a.
Magnesium ribbon, Mg(s) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC059a. Magnesium turnings are HIGHLY FLAMMABLE. Distribution of pieces of magnesium ribbon should be supervised to avoid students taking several pieces and experimenting later with igniting them.
Zinc granules, Zn(s) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC107. While other metal/acid combinations react in the same way, recovering the salt by crystallisation (in Lesson 2) may not be as successful as it is using zinc and sulfuric acid.
Dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC047a and CLEAPSS Recipe Book RB043.
Dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq), (IRRITANT at concentration used) – see CLEAPSS Hazcard HC098a and CLEAPSS Recipe Book RB098.
Procedure
Lesson 1
Place six test tubes in the test tube rack.
Add a 2–3 cm depth of dilute hydrochloric acid to the first three tubes, and a 2–3 cm depth of dilute sulfuric acid to the remaining three tubes.
Add a small piece of a different metal to each of the tubes with hydrochloric acid in them. Record which metal you add to each tube.
Add a small piece of the same metals to each of the tubes with sulfuric acid in them. Record which metal you add to each tube.
Your teacher will show you how to test the gas being produced in these reactions.
Choose one of the metals that reacts rapidly with the acids, and in a clean test tube add a piece of this metal to a 2–3 cm depth of one of the acids. This time place a cork loosely in the top of the test tube so that any gas produced escapes slowly. Light a wood splint, remove the cork and immediately hold the flame to the mouth of the tube. If nothing happens, you may need to try again.
Lesson 2
#*#*SHOW FULLSCREEN*#*#
Diagram showing the apparatus for an experiment on the reaction of zinc with sulfuric acid to produce a salt
Apparatus for recovering salt formed by the reaction of zinc and sulfuric acid.
Measure 50 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid using a measuring cylinder and pour it into the beaker. Warm this acid gently over a low, non-smokey, Bunsen flame. Turn off the Bunsen burner before the solution boils. Carefully remove the beaker of acid from the tripod as instructed by your teacher, and stand it on the heat resistant mat. Be very careful not to knock the tripod while the beaker is on it.
To this hot acid, add about half the zinc pieces provided. Avoid inhaling the acidic fumes that may rise from the beaker as a result of the vigorous bubbling.
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