To show that apical meristem causes growth in length of roots
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To understand the end, we must return to the beginning and, for most plants, the beginning is the meristem. The meristem is a tissue in which cells are actively dividing and giving rise to relatively undifferentiated cells (Oxford English Dictionary, Online edition http://dictionary.oed.com). Plant meristems can be thought of as specific regions of pluripotent cells (or stem cell niches) and are commonly regarded as generating fountains of new cells. However, recent work suggests that some plant organs are sculpted by creating zones of intermediate or ‘quasi-meristematic’ activity.
Various types of meristematic tissue have been defined in plants, all of which contribute to the overall structure/function of the plant. The establishment and maintenance of root and shoot apical meristems (respectively, RAM and SAM) have been the subject of intense studies. These primary meristems develop during embryogenesis and the entire biomass of the plant can be traced back to them. Although these meristems are vital to increase plant size, secondary meristems are essential for producing specialized tissues. One example is the (pro)cambium, which is important for vascular development and increasing stem diameter. Although secondary meristems function like meristems, generating a source of new cells, a molecular description was required to reveal that they are indeed related to primary meristems (Baucher et al., 2007). The primary and secondary meristems are indeterminate in nature because the organs they produce can vary in size and shape depending on local environments (Sablowski, 2007a).
Unlike indeterminate meristems, determinate meristems produce new cells for a predetermined period and form organs and tissues of predictable size and form, such as the floral meristem. Another group of determinate meristems are found within organs. Their fuzzy and fleeting nature makes them difficult to define and, like the procambium, require molecular markers to help to reveal their presence. The cells of these meristems are partially differentiated, but they have meristematic characteristics allowing prolonged proliferation. These ‘quasi-meristems’ are important for leaf development and have recently been shown to be important for development of the central tissues of the fruit (Donnelly et al., 1999; Ori et al., 2000; Hay and Tsiantis, 2006; Alonso-Cantabrana et al., 2007). In this review, research on Arabidopsis that supports the notion that the final morphology of the fruit is dependent on its initial meristematic and quasi-meristematic qualities is highlighted.
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☺☺ Here is ur ans ☺☺
________________________________________________________________________
To understand the end, we must return to the beginning and, for most plants, the beginning is the meristem. The meristem is a tissue in which cells are actively dividing and giving rise to relatively undifferentiated cells (Oxford English Dictionary, Online edition http://dictionary.oed.com). Plant meristems can be thought of as specific regions of pluripotent cells (or stem cell niches) and are commonly regarded as generating fountains of new cells. However, recent work suggests that some plant organs are sculpted by creating zones of intermediate or ‘quasi-meristematic’ activity.
Various types of meristematic tissue have been defined in plants, all of which contribute to the overall structure/function of the plant. The establishment and maintenance of root and shoot apical meristems (respectively, RAM and SAM) have been the subject of intense studies. These primary meristems develop during embryogenesis and the entire biomass of the plant can be traced back to them. Although these meristems are vital to increase plant size, secondary meristems are essential for producing specialized tissues. One example is the (pro)cambium, which is important for vascular development and increasing stem diameter. Although secondary meristems function like meristems, generating a source of new cells, a molecular description was required to reveal that they are indeed related to primary meristems (Baucher et al., 2007). The primary and secondary meristems are indeterminate in nature because the organs they produce can vary in size and shape depending on local environments (Sablowski, 2007a).
Unlike indeterminate meristems, determinate meristems produce new cells for a predetermined period and form organs and tissues of predictable size and form, such as the floral meristem. Another group of determinate meristems are found within organs. Their fuzzy and fleeting nature makes them difficult to define and, like the procambium, require molecular markers to help to reveal their presence. The cells of these meristems are partially differentiated, but they have meristematic characteristics allowing prolonged proliferation. These ‘quasi-meristems’ are important for leaf development and have recently been shown to be important for development of the central tissues of the fruit (Donnelly et al., 1999; Ori et al., 2000; Hay and Tsiantis, 2006; Alonso-Cantabrana et al., 2007). In this review, research on Arabidopsis that supports the notion that the final morphology of the fruit is dependent on its initial meristematic and quasi-meristematic qualities is highlighted.
________________________________________________________________________
☺☺ Hope it hlps u dear ☺☺
Always be happy
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