To what extent did the Ottoman Empire speed up the European colonization in North Africa.
Answers
Answer:
Nature hates a vacuum. So do empires.
The Ottoman empire began slowly sliding towars dissolution by the end of the 18th century, with a string of defeats that ended its expansion and switched it to defensive posture. This process weakend its hold in the far reaches of the empire, in eastern Europe, western Asia, the Arabian peninsula and North Africa.
So, other empires swooped into the void. Russia and Austria whittled the Ottoman’s holdings in Europe from 1796 to 1913, while Russia threw them out of the Causcasus region, in their normal benevolent fashion (if you ignore half a dozen ethnic cleansings).
In North Africa, Egypt bolted first, When Muhammad Ali effectively broke away from central government. Then, France began to take over the the western reaches of Algeria, Tunisia and later Morocco. Even Italy, once it became unified in the 1860’s , launced into the empire game by taking Lybia off the market.
It was a slow process, taking the bulk of century. In many cases, local governors went along with the process, seeing little chance of the Ottomans boucing back from their decline.
Great Britain actually slowed the process considerably, as it viewed a weakend Ottoman empire in the Near East a better alternative to a European free for all across the region. in the Crimean waar of 1856 and the 1878 Berlin conference it establised itself as protector of the Ottomans, curbing Russian and Austrian aggressive postures, and only snapped Egypt into a protectorate land by reuest of the bankrupt Khediv and to protect its huge investment in completing the Suez Canal.
Had the Ottoman Empire stayed strong and vibrant, there would be not colonization of any of its parts, including the North Africa holdings. Not that they any god given right to hold these lands, the only right they had was the same as the Europeans that replaced it - the right of might.
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