transport is a fast developing sector in rural economy explain this statement with suitable example
Answers
Answer:
Transport in India consists of transport by land, water and air. Public transport is the primary mode of road transport for most of the Indian citizens, and India's public transport systems are among the most heavily used in the world.
India's road network is the second-largest and one of the busiest in the world, transporting 8.225 billion passengers and over 980 million tonnes of cargo annually, as of 2015. India's rail network is the fourth largest and second busiest in the world, transporting 8.44 billion passengers and 1.23 billion tonnes of freight annually, as of 2019. Aviation in India is broadly divided into military and civil aviation which is the fastest-growing aviation market in the world (IATA data) and Bangalore with 65% national share is the largest aviation manufacturing hub of India. India's waterways network, in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks, is the ninth largest waterway network in the world. Freight transport by waterways is highly under-utilised in India with the total cargo moved (in tonne kilometres) by inland waterways being 0.1 percent of the total inland traffic in India.
In total, about 21 percent of households have two wheelers whereas 4.7 percent of households in India have cars or vans as per the 2011 Census. The automobile industry in India is currently rapidly growing with an annual production of over 4.6 million vehicles, with an annual growth rate of 10.5% and vehicle volume is expected to rise greatly in the future.
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Explanation:
The rural transport sector has been badly affected by the December 2004 earthquake and tsunami. A large part of the rural road network in Indonesia and Sri Lanka needs to be rehabilitated or reconstructed. A recovery of the affected areas however requires far more than rebuilding roads and bridges. Large job losses occurred in productive sectors such as agriculture, fisheries and manufacturing. The local economy needs to be revived to restore the livelihoods of the people. Local governments have collapsed and need to be strengthened to perform their functions. An integrated strategy for improving rural transport is proposed that creates assets and improves livelihoods simultaneously.
Rural transport cuts across different sectors. Improving rural transport improves access people have to basic needs and social and economic goods, services and facilities including health care, education and income-earning opportunities. A successful rural transport recovery strategy contributes at the same time to the restoration of the local economy and livelihoods of the people.
Rural transport infrastructure is primarily made up of rural roads. This strategy will offer a set of principles for planning, designing, implementing and managing the rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts in the rural road sector in the aftermath of a natural crisis. Firstly, it advocates the use of labour-based methods which will provide immediate, but temporary, employment opportunities to unskilled people. The strategy differentiates between labour-intensive and labour-based methods as developing good quality infrastructure is the principal objective. Secondly, the strategy aims at rebuilding local governance. Due to the collapse of local governments in the most severely affected areas, it is difficult for them to fully contribute to the recovery effort. Restoring local governance is important for the future management of the sector. Thirdly, the strategy advocates the development of local entrepreneurship and use of local small-scale contractors in the rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts. This will have a positive impact on the local economy. Lastly, the strategy promotes horizontal and vertical participation. This will ensure that interventions to improve the rural transport system will address the immediate and real needs of the rural people affected by the disaster.
Rural Transport and Socio-Economic Recovery
The widespread destruction caused by the Tsunami brought a heavy toll on the livelihoods in the affected areas. Job losses are particular acute in the large informal sector in the affected areas due to the loss of productive assets and markets especially in agriculture, fisheries and small retail businesses. In Sri Lanka alone, an estimated 275,000 people have lost their livelihoods. The catastrophe also resulted in the destruction of the infrastructure assets in the areas affected. Communities and local governments have an immense task before them in the repair and rebuilding of infrastructure.
This strategy concentrates on activities in the rural road sector. The road sector has been selected because a well functioning local transport system providing access to key services is a pre-requisite for most other development activities. Transport cuts across most sectors. The sector was also one of the largest impacted by the disaster, in value terms, after housing. Lastly, it is one for which there is extensive international experience with labour-based methods. Indonesia, Sri Lanka and India have already adapted employment intensive approaches to local conditions.
Transport patterns between countries, within a country and between rural and urban areas differ considerably. Rural transport for the purpose of this article is defined as the movement of people and goods in rural areas by any conceivable means, for any conceivable purpose along any conceivable route. Research work has revealed that rural transport in developing countries has its own very distinct features. It is characterized by people moving themselves and their goods around in rural areas for a variety of subsistence, social and economic purposes. Some of this transport takes place in motorized vehicles along well maintained roads. Much of this transport takes place in and around the community often with intermediate modes of transport such as bicycles and motorcycles. Rural roads play a dominating role in the rural transport system. Rural roads enable motorized transport and link villages to each other and to markets and other important locations. Rural roads allow transport services to operate which increases mobility of people who do not own any means of transport.
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