tribal group live in india and there customs and their way of life and how their live changed in the last 50 years
Answers
Gonds Tribe of Idia
The Gonds are among the largest tribal groups in South Asia and perhaps the world. The term Gond refers to tribal peoples who live all over India's Deccan Peninsula. Most describe themselves as Gonds (hill people) or as Koi or Koitur. Scholars believe Gonds settled in Gondwana, now known as eastern Madhya Pradesh, between the ninth and thirteenth centuries
AD
. Muslim writers describe a rise of Gond states after the fourteenth century. Gond dynasties ruled in four kingdoms (Garha-Mandla, Deogarh, Chanda, and Kherla) in central India between the sixteenth and mid-eighteenth centuries. Maratha power swept into Gond land in the 1740s. They overthrew Gond
rajas
(princes) and seized most of their territory. Some Gond
zamindaris
(estates) survived until recently. However, Gonds are similar to many tribal groups today in that they face severe economic hardships. Although some Gond groups own a great deal of land, others are classified as Scheduled Tribes, which means they need special social and economic help.
2 • LOCATION
Gonds live all over central India, and in the states of Maharashtra and Orissa. As "hill people," they traditionally have been associated with hills and uplands in the Deccan Peninsula. Many Gonds live around the Satpura Hills, Maikala Range and Son-Deogarh uplands, and on the Bastar plateau. Many Gond tribes also live in the Garhjat Hills of northern Orissa. The upland areas generally lie between 2,000 to 3,000 feet (600 to 900 meters), with isolated peaks occasionally exceeding approximately 4,000 feet (1,200 meters). The region is drained by the head-waters of many of India's major rivers (such as the Narmada, Tapti, Son, Mahanadi, and Godavari
3 • LANGUAGE
Gondi belongs to the Dravidian family of languages and is related to Tamil and Kannada. The language offers a cultural connection between the many Gond groups. Many Gonds also speak Hindi, Marathi, or Telegu.
4 • FOLKLORE
Hereditary bards and professional storytellers called Pardhans tell stories about Gond legends and myths. This makes for a rich oral tradition. In these stories, it is said that when Gond gods were born, their mother abandoned them. The goddess Parvati rescued them, but her consort Sri Shambhu Mahadeo (Shiva) kept them captive in a cave. Pahandi Kapar Lingal, a Gond hero, who received help from the goddess Jangu Bai, rescued them from the cave. They came out of the cave in four groups, thus laying the foundations of the
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THE GONDS
The Gonds are indigenous people found in Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Bihar. Their language bears a strong resemblance to Telugu spoken in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and to some Dravidian languages of South India.
Over the decades, they have come to speak Hindi and other languages also. Their population shows an increasing trend. Unemployment and extremist insurgency in their homelands, especially the central region of India, have altered their lives in recent times.
Gonds have their own social, cultural and economic status which has gone through many changes in the last 50 years. They have suffered exploitation from the land owners.
Their ancestral lands have been taken away and they have been forced to work as labourers in their own lands.They also suffered much from exploitation, discrimination from others.