uestions
1. How is our atmosphere different
from the atmospheres on Venus
and Mars?
2. How does the atmosphere act as
a blanket?
3. What causes winds?
How are clouds formed?
List any three human activities
that you think would lead to air
pollution
Answers
Answer:
1. The atmosphere of Earth contains a mixture of many gases like nitrogen (78.08%), oxygen (20.95%), carbon dioxide (0.03%) and water vapour (in varying proportion). On the other hand, the atmosphere on Venus and Mars mainly contains carbon dioxide, i.e., about 95-97%.
2. The atmosphere mainly contains air which is a bad conductor of heat. The atmosphere prevents the sudden increase in temperature during the daylight hours and during the night, it slows down the escape of heat into the outer space. In this way, atmosphere acts as a blanket.
3. Wind is caused by differences in the atmospheric pressure. When a difference in atmospheric pressure exists, air moves from the higher to the lower pressure area, resulting in winds of various speeds. On a rotating planet, air will also be deflected by the Coriolis effect, except exactly on the equator.
4. Clouds form when rising air, through expansion, cools to the point where some of the water vapor molecules "clump together" faster than they are torn apart by their thermal energy. Some of that (invisible) water vapor condenses to form (visible) cloud droplets or ice crystals.
5. Three major human activities which are causing air pollution are:
i. Excessive use and burning of fossil fuels like coal and petroleum.
ii. Deforestation.
iii. Smoke from industries and automobiles.
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