(v) Define the following terms:
(a) Infant mortality rate
(b) Life expectancy
(vi) What is meant by population change? Explain in
brief.
(vii) What is meant by population pyramid? Explain with
the help of examples.
(viii) Compare and contrast the impact of overpopulation
and underpopulation.
Answers
Answer:
Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths per 1000 live births of children under one year of age
Answer:
a) Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths per 1000 live births in a population of children under one year of age.
b) Life expectancy is the average number of years an organism is expected to live, which is based on the year of its birth. Also, it may vary in different regions as per health facilities available.
Population change is the change in the number of people in a specific area over time. It depends on birth rate, death rate, migration rate, sex ratio etc.
Population pyramid or age sex pyramid is a graphical illustration that depicts the number of people in different age groups across a country. The nature and slope of the graph can help us distinguish developed and developing countries.
Compare and contrast:
Overpopulation: leads to lack of space in a given area, difficult to meet the demands of all of them, pressure on natural resources is too high resulting in its depletion, lots of demand on agricultural products for survival, poverty rate might increase due to unemployment
Underpopulation : Though it's easy to meet demands here and people have all chances to lead a better life, the country can face acute problems like very small labour force available, which can also be a problem.