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Answer:
code represents the consensus of opinion of experienced engineers and professionals.
It may not cover in detail every situation a designer may encounter. Often the designer must exercise his own judgement in interpreting and applying the requirements of a code. It has to be noted that strict adherence to codes may often hamper the adoption of innovative designs. Codes are basically written for the purpose of protecting public.
They provide guidelines for the design and construction of structures. They are revised at regular intervals to reflect new development (in research, materials, construction techniques, etc..) experience gained from past design practice, behaviour of existing structures, and failure of structures. Codes contain recommend loads for a given locality, and recommended fire and corrosion protection. They also contain rules governing the ways in which loads are to be applied, design rules. These rules maybe in the form of detailed recommendations or by reference to other standards that provide specific design rules. The codes should be regarded as aids to design containing stress levels, design formulae, and recommendations for good practice, rather than a manual or textbook on design.
The codes serve at least four distinct functions,
They ensure adequate structural safety, by specifying certain essential minimum requirements for the design
They aid the designer in the design process. Often the results are sophisticated analysis are made available in the form of simple formula or charts
They ensure consistency among different engineer's
They protect the structural engineer from disputes, through codes in many cases do not provide legal protection.
Reference: textbook on design of Steel structures by N. Subramanian, Oxford University press.
IS code 1: Specifications for the national flag of Indian.