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वनस्पतिक नाम और kul likhiye
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Explanation:
Air pollution can significantly hurt the quality of soil and water resources. When we pollute our air, we are also polluting the precipitation that falls into water bodies and soils. This is an overarching concern given that soil and water are cornerstones to all life on earth, as they provide the homes for most organisms and many of the nutrients, minerals and elements that are essential for growth and biological functions. The flow of water from the atmosphere, through soils and into water bodies unifies these two precious resources.
Thermal pollution, sometimes called "thermal enrichment," is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. Thermal pollution is the rise or fall in the temperature of a natural body of water caused by human influence. Thermal pollution, unlike chemical pollution, results in a change in the physical properties of water. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. Urban runoff—stormwater discharged to surface waters from rooftops, roads and parking lots—and reservoirs can also be a source of thermal pollution. Thermal pollution can also be caused by the release of very cold water from the base of reservoirs into warmer rivers.When water used as a coolant is returned to the natural environment at a higher temperature, the sudden change in temperature decreases oxygen supply and affects ecosystem composition. Fish and other organisms adapted to particular temperature range can be killed by an abrupt change in water temperature (either a rapid increase or decrease) known as "thermal shock." Warm coolant water can also have long term effects on water temperature, increasing the overall temperature of water bodies, including deep water. Seasonality effects how these temperature increases are distributed throughout the water column. Elevated water temperatures decrease oxygen levels, which can kill fish and alter food chain composition, reduce species biodiversity, and foster invasion by new thermophilic species.One of the largest contributors to thermal pollution are once-through cooling (OTC) systems which do not reduce temperature as effectively as the above systems. A large power plant may withdraw and export as many as 500 million gallons per day.These systems produce water 10°C warmer on average. For example, the Potrero Generating Station in San Francisco (closed in 2011), used OTC and discharged water to San Francisco Bay approximately 10 °C (20 °F) above the ambient bay temperature.Over 1,200 facilities in the United States use OTC systems as of 2014.
Temperatures can be taken through remote sensing techniques to continually monitor plants' pollution.[13] This aids in quantifying each plants' specific effects, and allows for tighter regulation of thermal pollution.
Converting facilities from once-through cooling to closed-loop systems can significantly decrease the thermal pollution emitted.These systems release water at a temperature more comparable to the natural environment.