Question

VI. Short Answer Questions.
1. What do you understand by antibiotics?
2. How is fungus largely employed in the bakeries and breweries?
3. What do you mean by communicable diseases?
4. What are viruses? Discuss some harmful effects of viruses.
5. What do you mean by algae? Discuss some beneficial algae and write some
harmful effects of algae.
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Answer 1

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1. Antibiotics are medicines that help stop infections caused by bacteria. They do this by killing the bacteria or by keeping them from copying themselves or reproducing. The word antibiotic means “against life.” Any drug that kills germs in your body is technically an antibiotic.
2. The strains of fungi are used in breweries and bakeries to make products such as cakes, cookies and alcohol. These products are produced by the help of the process known as fermentation. In this case huge amount of carbon dioxide is released by the microorganism in order to rise the dough.
3. Communicable Disease Speaker. An infectious disease that is contagious and that can be transmitted either directly or indirectly from one source to another by an infectious agent or its toxins.
4. Viruses on the other hand cause diseases like the common cold, chickenpox, cold sores, Ebola, and AIDS. The effects of viruses can be caused by different things depending on the virus. Sometimes the virus can kill too many cells, causing the organism to suffer ill effects.
5. Algae (singular alga) is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.

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Answer 2

Answer:

1. 1. Many microorganisms such as Bacteria, Fungi and Moulds produce certain chemical which inhibit the growth of some other microorganisms. Such chemical compounds are known as antibiotics . It stop the growth of harmful microorganism in our body
2. Fungus is largely employed in the bakeries because yeast is a beneficial fungi. It is used in the preparation of Bakery products such as bread and cakes and the food items like Idli ,Dosa ,Dhokla are also prepared by using yeast.
3. The diseases which can get transmitted from one person to another by direct or indirect contact are called communicable or infectious diseases .Examples of these diseases are Typhoid ,Malaria, Cholera.
4. Viruses are the some submicroorganism that have the characteristics of both the living and nonliving things .When a virus enters a cell of its host, it multiplies and a large number of virus particles are produced at this stage the host cell burst and the new virus particles may then enter into the other cells and damage them.
5. Algae is a microorganism it iscommonly called biological nitrogen fixer .some beneficial Algae are :- Blue green algae, Diatoms. Harmful effects of Algae are : 1 . Harmful to living stock. 2 .Blocking of photosynthesis 3 . Mechanical injury.

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