(vi) Why cyanobacteria are placed in monera?
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Bacteria are neither plants nor animals and today are placed in a separate kingdom called the Monera. Some bacteria (including the very important cyanobacteria or blue-green algae) are capable of photosynthesis, thereby acting like plants. Most bacteria act like animals and break down dead organisms or are predators acting as parasites in living organisms. Bacteria are very simple cells, filaments, and colonies. They lack a nucleus and other cellular organelles enabling them to carry out the complex cellular digestive/excretion process we discussed above. Bacteria excrete their digestive enzymes into their surroundings and absorb through their cell membranes the simple sugars and reduced nitrogenous and phosphorous compounds that they require. Nitrogenous and other wastes develop at least partly external to the cell. In a sense, when bacteria are abundant, because dead organic material is abundant, the external environment locally becomes like that of the stomach or small intestine. We discuss this in depth later, but excess dead organic material free in a relatively closed space provides an environment like a stomach: acid, rich in carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia, devoid or nearly devoid of oxygen, and having many enzymes capable of organic breakdown. This is a specialized environment, which in the open world could be the subsurface of an organic-rich mud flat; however, it is not one that many higher organisms can tolerate. It is also an unsatisfactory environment for the open water of most aquaria, microcosms, and many wild ecosystems.
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