water balance problem of an plant cell
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Primitive plants, not to speak of life itself, are believed to have originated in the seas where the control of such phenomena such as transpiration, wilting and drought did not arise at all.
In the aqueous medium, protoplast evolved to a high degree of complexity which adapted fully to a water-saturated condition.
Later, when plant life began to encroach upon the land, the most significant advance was represented by the translation from an aquatic to terrestrial habitat.
In this translation two main obstacles had to be surmounted:
Overcoming gravity and mechanical forces of air movement and overcoming drought. Both the obstacles were most successfully overcome by plants coming to the land from water which possessed or developed a vascular system and especially those in which the soma was divided into a root for water absorption and an aerial shoot with stem and leaves.
The problem of keeping the water content of the protoplasm of the cells above a certain high minimum, necessary for its normal and continued existence (in the terrestrial environment the risk of almost continual loss of water from the aerial parts to the atmosphere was great) was solved and the landward migration became possible with the gradual development of more and more efficient adaptations to cope with the entirely new conditions in which the migrated plants found themselves.
Water Balance Problems in Plants –Discussed!
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In this article, we will discuss about the water balance problems in plants.
Primitive plants, not to speak of life itself, are believed to have originated in the seas where the control of such phenomena such as transpiration, wilting and drought did not arise at all.
In the aqueous medium, protoplast evolved to a high degree of complexity which adapted fully to a water-saturated condition.
Later, when plant life began to encroach upon the land, the most significant advance was represented by the translation from an aquatic to terrestrial habitat.
In this translation two main obstacles had to be surmounted:
Overcoming gravity and mechanical forces of air movement and overcoming drought. Both the obstacles were most successfully overcome by plants coming to the land from water which possessed or developed a vascular system and especially those in which the soma was divided into a root for water absorption and an aerial shoot with stem and leaves.
The problem of keeping the water content of the protoplasm of the cells above a certain high minimum, necessary for its normal and continued existence (in the terrestrial environment the risk of almost continual loss of water from the aerial parts to the atmosphere was great) was solved and the landward migration became possible with the gradual development of more and more efficient adaptations to cope with the entirely new conditions in which the migrated plants found themselves.
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Adaptations permitting the maintenance of a satisfactory balance between the absorption and loss of water evolved mainly in two different directions. On the one hand, there were developed nearly water-impervious coverings of cutinised and suberised tissue which greatly helped in checking excessive water loss by transpiration.
On the other hand, roots and rhizoids, structures highly efficient in extracting moisture from the deeper layers of soil, were evolved. In the water habitat, absorption was no problem for water flows freely and abundantly to aquatic plants.
Cutin and suberin are, to some extent, effective agents in regarding the loss of water from a plant surface. However, at the same time they have the serious disadvantage of restricting the exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere -a function which is absolutely necessary for both photosynthesis and normal respiration.
This difficulty was surmounted by pulling apart of certain epidermal cells so as to leave intercellular gaps or pores (stomata) in the superficial layer which are encrusted with cutin or suberin.
Such a solution to the problem was at its best only an apparent compromise for even though all but a very small fraction of the total exposed surface is protected by water-proof coverings, the stomata and lenticels which constitute the small area, permit the loss of great quantities of water vapour.
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