Question

whar problems did shifting cultivators face under british rule

Answer 1

For administrative and economic reasons, the British government tried settling the jhum or shifting cultivators. However, settled plough cultivation did not prove to be helpful to these jhum cultivators. They often suffered because their fields did not produce good yields. The new forest laws also affected the lives of the shifting cultivators. Shifting or jhum cultivation is usually done on small patches of  land. Under the forest laws, the British extended their control over all forests and declared that forests were state property. Thus, the jhum cultivators were prevented from practising jhum cultivation freely. Many were forced to move to other areas in search of work and livelihood.

Answer 2

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✴The problems faced by the shifting cultivators under the British rule were as follows:-

✔The British force the shifting cultivators to follow the settled agriculture.

✔The British introduced the land settlements that is, they measured the land, define the right of each individual to the land and fixed the revenue demand for the state.

✔The settled plough cultivation was not easy in areas where water was scares and the soil was dry, so the settlement for the few cultivators was not that easy.