Question

what a free fall and also what is meant by surface phenomena

Answer 1

Free fall is any motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting upon it.
                       
                                      And

The special properties of surface layers, that is, the thin layers of a substance at the boundary of contiguous bodies,mediums, or phases. These properties result from the excess free energy of the surface layer and from the special features of the layer’s structure and composition. ....

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Answer 2

In Newtonian physics, free fall is defined as the motion of an object where gravity is the only force acting upon it. A skydiver may be pulled towards earth by gravity, but they are also affected by air resistance, a force opposing their downward movement.

The special properties of surface layers, that is, the thin layers of a substance at the boundary of contiguous bodies, mediums, or phases. The properties of a contact surface of two solids or of a solid with a liquid or gaseous medium are determined by such effects as adhesion, wetting, and friction.