Question

what are antioxidant and activator use during the vulcanisation?

Answer 1

The cure index and a behavior due to the catalytic effect of the antioxidants in generating more active sulfurating agents for vulcanization. In all cases, SMR L gives higher cure index and apparent activation energy than the corresponding ENR, a phenomenon which is associated with the activation of the adjacent double bond by epoxide group in the latter. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 3234–3238, 2000

Answer 2

Typical rubber vulcanization systems consist of rubber, sulfur accelerator, metal oxide and fatty acid, where the last two ingredients represent the activator. The most common activator is zinc fatty acid ester which is often formed in-situ by reaction of fatty acid with zinc oxide.

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