Question

what are classification according to the extent of ionization?.

Answer 1

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Classical Concept of Acids and Bases

Introduction to Equillibrium

Introduction to Solubility Product

Ionization of a Compound

While the bases are those compounds that furnish the hydroxyl ions, OH– in the aqueous medium. The degree of ionization of the acids and bases helps determine its strength. On the basis of different acidic and basic compounds, the degree of ionization may differ.

Ionization of Acids

The degree of Ionisation refers to the strength of an acid or a base. A strong acid is said to completely ionize in water whereas a weak acid is said to only ionise partially. As there are different degrees of ionization of acids, there are also different levels of weakness for which there is a simple quantitative way to express.

Since the ionization of a weak acid is an equilibrium, the chemical equation and an equilibrium constant expression can be stated as :

HA ( aq ) + H2O ( l ) sign of equilibrium reaction H3O+ ( aq ) + A–

Ka = [ H3O+ ] [A–] / [HA]

Equilibrium Constant for ionisation of an acid defines its Acid Ionisation Constant (Ka). However, the stronger the acid, the larger will be the acid ionisation constant (Ka). This means that a strong acid is a better proton donor. As a result of the concentration of the product in the numerator of the Ka, the stronger the acid the larger is the acid ionisation constant (Ka).

Ionization

Answer 2

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The degree of ionization (also known as ionization yield in the literature) refers to the proportion of neutral particles, such as those in a gas or aqueous solution, that are ionized to charged particles. For electrolytes, it could be understood as a capacity of acid/base to ionize itself. A low degree of ionization is sometimes called partially ionized (also weakly ionized), and a high degree of ionization as fully ionized.

Ionization refers to the process whereby an atom or molecule loses one or several electrons from its atomic orbital, or conversely gains an additional one, from an incoming free electron (electron attachement). In both cases, the atom or molecule is no more a neutral particle and becomes a charge carrier. If the species has lost one or several electrons, it becomes positively charged and is called a positive ion, or cation. On the contrary, if the species has gained one or several additional electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is called a negative ion, or anion. Individual free electrons and ions in a plasma have very short lives typically inferior to the microsecond, as ionization and recombination, excitation and relaxation are collective continuous processes.

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