Question

what are classification according to the extent of ionization?.

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Degree of ionization: the closer the pKa of the local anesthetic is to tissue pH, the more rapid the onset time. pKa is defined as the pH at which the ionized and unionized forms exist in equal concentrations. Because all local anesthetics are weak bases, those with pKa that lies near physiologic pH (7.4) will have more molecules in the unionized, lipid-soluble form. At physiologic pH less than 50% of the drug exists in unionized form. As mentioned, the unionized form must cross the axonal membrane to initiate neural blockade. The latency of a local anesthetic can also be shortened by using a higher concentration and carbonated local anesthetic solutions to adjust the local pH.