What are contributions of WHO I need 2to3pages answer
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WHO Contributions
WHO has adopted a two-track approach regarding its contributions to the World Summit on Sustainable Development. Track one focuses on the overall, long-term benefits for social, economic, and environmental development that result from investment in people's health. Track two reflects the health aspects of specific issues on the Summit agenda.
Key emphases include:
- The positive impact of health both as a good in its own right and as a means of advancing economic development and poverty reduction.
- The direct impact of environmental degradation and unsustainable use of natural resources on people's health, as well as the indirect impact on the livelihoods (and, therefore, health) of the poor. The need to assess the impact on people's health of development policies and practices.
- The importance of partnerships and alliances as a means of addressing threats to health and promoting sustainable development.
The author traces the development of the concept of health promotion from 1980s policies of the World Health Organization. Two approaches that signify the modernization of public health are outlined in detail: the European Health for All targets and the settings approach. Both aim to reorient health policy priorities from a risk factor approach to strategies that address the determinants of health and empower people to participate in improving the health of their communities.
These approaches combine classic public health dictums with “new” strategies, some setting explicit goals to integrate public health with general welfare policy. Health for All, health promotion, and population health have contributed to this reorientation in thinking and strategy, but the focus of health policy remains expenditure rather than investment.
IN 1986, AT AN INTERNATIONAL conference held in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, under the leadership of the World Health Organization (WHO) (and with a strong personal commitment from then Director General Halfdan Mahler), a broad new understanding of health promotion was adopted. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion has since exerted significant influence—both directly and indirectly—on the public health debate, on health policy formulation, and on health promotion practices in many countries. The work on this document was spearheaded by the WHO European Regional Office and was developed over a period of 5 years of intensive research and debate. It was based on the “Health for All” philosophythe Alma Ata Declaration and the Lalonde health field concept.